ArticleBMJ open2021
Prescription medications for sleep disturbances among midlife women during 2 years of follow-up: a SWAN retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Prevalence and predictors of insomnia and its treatment-seeking among older adults in India.Journal of activity, sedentary and sleep behaviors · 2024Article
- The burden of untreated insomnia disorder in a sample of 1 million adults: a cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the effects of prescription sleep medications on patient-reported sleep disturbances.
designRetrospective cohort.
settingLongitudinal cohort of community-dwelling women in the USA.
participantsRacially and ethnically diverse middle-aged women who reported a sleep disturbance.
interventionsNew users of prescription sleep medications propensity score matched to women not starting sleep medications. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Self-reported sleep disturbance during the previous 2 weeks-difficulty initiating sleep, waking frequently and early morning awakening-using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from no difficulty on any night (rating 1) to difficulty on 5 or more nights a week (rating 5). Sleep disturbances were compared at 1 year (primary outcome) and 2 years of follow-up.
results238 women who started sleep medications were matched with 447 non-users. Participants had a mean age of 49.5 years and approximately half were white. At baseline, sleep disturbance ratings were similar: medication users had a mean score for difficulty initiating sleep of 2.7 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.9), waking frequently 3.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 3.9) and early morning awakening 2.8 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.0); non-users ratings were 2.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.7), 3.7 (95% CI 3.6 to 3.9) and 2.7 (95% CI 2.6 to 2.8), respectively. After 1 year, ratings for medication users were 2.6 (95% CI 2.4 to 2.8) for initiating sleep, 3.6 (95% CI 3.4 to 3.8) for waking frequently and 2.8 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.0) for early morning awakening; for non-users, the mean ratings were 2.3 (95% CI 2.2 to 2.5), 3.5 (95% CI 3.3 to 3.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 2.3 to 2.6), respectively. None of the 1 year changes were statistically significant nor were they different between medication users and non-users. Two-year follow-up results were consistent, without statistically significant reductions in sleep disturbance in medication users compared with non-users.
conclusionsThese analyses suggest that women who initiated sleep medications rated their sleep disturbances similar after 1 and 2 years. The effectiveness of long-term sleep medication use should be re-examined.
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