Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33975641›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2021

Double anus in an Ixodes scapularis nymph, a medically important tick vector.

Vikas Taank, Frank A Lattanzio, Hameeda Sultana, Girish Neelakanta

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 47% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Morphological abnormalities inInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Vikas TaankDepartment of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Frank A LattanzioDepartment of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Hameeda SultanaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Girish NeelakantaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA. gneelaka@utk.edu.
Old Dominion University · USEastern Virginia Medical School · USKnoxville College · US

Funding

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum Modulate Tick Gene Expression for its Survival and Transmission from the Vector HostR01AI130116 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE · PI Girish Neelakanta · 2017 to 2026
$3.0M
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US) R01AI130116NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130116
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIxodes scapularis ticks are medically important arthropod vectors that transmit several pathogens to humans. The observations of morphological abnormalities, including nanism, missing leg, extra leg, and gynandromorphism, have been reported in these ticks. In this study, we report the presence of two anuses in a laboratory-reared I. scapularis nymph.

resultsLarval ticks were allowed to feed on mice and to molt to nymphs. Two anuses were observed in one of the freshly molted nymphs. Stereo and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of two anuses in one nymph within a single anal groove.

conclusionsThis report confirms the rare occurrence of double anus in I. scapularis.

Indexed as

Anal CanalAnimalsArthropod VectorsIxodesNymphAbnormalitiesAnusIxodes scapularisMicroinjection

Identifiers

PMID33975641
PMCPMC8112061
OpenAlexW3161354998

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.