ArticleGenome biology2021
Functional mapping of androgen receptor enhancer activity.
Article in Genome biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Androgen receptor drives divergent chromatin accessibility programs in benign and malignant prostate epithelial cells.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Review
- Molecular determinants of AR-enhancer interaction and cistrome reprogramming in prostate cancer progression.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Review
- Circular RNA-based therapy targeting metabolic vulnerability of fatty acid synthesis overcomes castration-resistant prostate cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Distinct transcription factor interactions drive HOXB13 activity in different stages of prostate cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Evolving roles for the androgen receptor and its protein interactome in castration-resistant prostate cancer.Oncogene · 2025Review
- Coregulators determine androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer.Bioscience reports · 2025Review
- Comprehensive functional annotation of ESR1-driven enhancers in breast cancer reveals hierarchical activity independent of genomic and epigenomic contexts.Genome research · 2025Article
- Defined cellular reprogramming of androgen receptor-active prostate cancer to neuroendocrine prostate cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Decoding the epigenetics and chromatin loop dynamics of androgen receptor-mediated transcription.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Review
- Leveraging Random Effects in Cistrome-Wide Association Studies for Decoding the Genetic Determinants of Prostate Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Estrogen receptor 1 chromatin profiling in human breast tumors reveals high inter-patient heterogeneity with enrichment of risk SNPs and enhancer activity at most-conserved regions.Genome research · 2024Article
- The androgen receptor in bladder cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Optimized high-throughput screening of non-coding variants identified from genome-wide association studies.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Extensive androgen receptor enhancer heterogeneity in primary prostate cancers underlies transcriptional diversity and metastatic potential.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Drug-Induced Epigenomic Plasticity Reprograms Circadian Rhythm Regulation to Drive Prostate Cancer toward Androgen Independence.Cancer discovery · 2022Article
- From Omics to Multi-Omics Approaches for In-Depth Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- AR cooperates with SMAD4 to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis.Acta neuropathologica · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAndrogen receptor (AR) is critical to the initiation, growth, and progression of prostate cancer. Once activated, the AR binds to cis-regulatory enhancer elements on DNA that drive gene expression. Yet, there are 10-100× more binding sites than differentially expressed genes. It is unclear how or if these excess binding sites impact gene transcription.
resultsTo characterize the regulatory logic of AR-mediated transcription, we generated a locus-specific map of enhancer activity by functionally testing all common clinical AR binding sites with Self-Transcribing Active Regulatory Regions sequencing (STARRseq). Only 7% of AR binding sites displayed androgen-dependent enhancer activity. Instead, the vast majority of AR binding sites were either inactive or constitutively active enhancers. These annotations strongly correlated with enhancer-associated features of both in vitro cell lines and clinical prostate cancer samples. Evaluating the effect of each enhancer class on transcription, we found that AR-regulated enhancers frequently interact with promoters and form central chromosomal loops that are required for transcription. Somatic mutations of these critical AR-regulated enhancers often impact enhancer activity.
conclusionsUsing a functional map of AR enhancer activity, we demonstrated that AR-regulated enhancers act as a regulatory hub that increases interactions with other AR binding sites and gene promoters.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.