ArticleLipids in health and disease2021
Concurrent smoking and alcohol consumers had higher triglyceride glucose indices than either only smokers or alcohol consumers: a cross-sectional study in Korea.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Association Between Cognitive Decline and Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Triglyceride-glucose index's link to cardiovascular outcomes post-percutaneous coronary intervention in China: a meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- Combination Treatment With Varenicline and Nicotine Patch on Smoking Cessation Outcomes in Heavy Drinkers at 26-Week Follow-up.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyTrial
- Weekly Walking Attenuates the Association Between Frailty and Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.Research in nursing & health · 2026Observational
- Association between single-point insulin sensitivity estimator and three-vessel coronary disease: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Association between Triglycerides to High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) Ratio and 10-year Prospective Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Yazd Healthy Heart Project.Advanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- Predictive value of obesity-related indices for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study of the Fukushima Health Database 2015-2021.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Non-linear relationship between triglyceride glucose index and new-onset diabetes among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring factors predicting the effectiveness of oral semaglutide in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes switching from dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors: a pilot study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Dual-trajectory of TyG levels and lifestyle scores and their associations with ischemic stroke in a non-diabetic population: a cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Non-linear associations of atherogenic index of plasma with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross-sectional study from CHARLS.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Trends in baseline triglyceride-glucose index and association with predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Meta-analysis of the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on triglyceride levels.Toxicology reports · 2023Article
- Correlation between the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and other unconventional lipid parameters with the risk of prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease: a RCSCD-TCM study in China.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Subclinical cardiovascular disease and utility of coronary artery calcium score.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a noninsulin-based marker for insulin resistance (IR) in general practice. Although smoking and heavy drinking have been regarded as major risk factors for various chronic diseases, there is limited evidence regarding the combined effects of smoking and alcohol consumption on IR. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and smoking and alcohol consumption using two Korean population-based datasets.
methodsThis study included 10,568 adults in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 9586 adults in the Korean Initiatives on Coronary Artery Calcification (KOICA) registry datasets. Multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the TyG index. To assess the predictive value of smoking and alcohol consumption on high TyG index, the area under the curve (AUC) were compared and net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analyses were derived.
resultsThe combined effect of smoking and alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor of a higher TyG index in the KNHANES (adjusted odds ratio: 4.33, P < .001) and KOICA (adjusted odds ratio: 1.94, P < .001) datasets. Adding smoking and alcohol consumption to the multivariate logistic models improved the model performance for the TyG index in the KNHANES (AUC: from 0.817 to 0.829, P < .001; NRI: 0.040, P < .001; IDI: 0.017, P < .001) and KOICA (AUC: from 0.822 to 0.826, P < .001; NRI: 0.025, P = .006; IDI: 0.005, P < .001) datasets.
conclusionsSmoking and alcohol consumption were independently associated with the TyG index. Concurrent smokers and alcohol consumers were more likely to have a TyG index that was ≥8.8 and higher than the TyG indices of non-users and those who exclusively consumed alcohol or smoking tobacco.
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