Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33975588›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2021

Epidemiological analysis of classical swine fever in wild boars in Japan.

Yumiko Shimizu, Yoko Hayama, Yoshinori Murato, Kotaro Sawai, Emi Yamaguchi, Takehisa Yamamoto

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Exploring the Genetic Basis of Wild Boar (Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Eleven Years of Health Monitoring in Wild Boars (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Yumiko ShimizuViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yoko HayamaViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yoshinori MuratoViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Kotaro SawaiViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Emi YamaguchiViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Takehisa YamamotoViral Disease and Epidemiology Research Division, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. mtbook@affrc.go.jp.
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization · JPNational Institute of Animal Health · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundClassical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease of pigs and wild boars that is transmitted through direct/indirect contact between animals or CSF virus-contaminated fomites. When the disease re-emerged in 2018 in Japan, a CSF-infected wild boar was reported shortly after the initial pig farm outbreak; subsequently, the disease spread widely. To control the disease spread among wild boars, intensive capturing, fencing, and oral bait vaccination were implemented with concomitant virological and serological surveillance. This study aimed to describe the disease spread in the wild boar population in Japan from September 2018, when the first case was reported, to March 2020, based on the surveillance data. We conducted statistical analyses using a generalized linear mixed model to identify factors associated with CSF infection among wild boars. Moreover, we descriptively assessed the effect of oral bait vaccination, which started in March 2019 in some municipalities in the affected areas.

resultsWe observed a faster CSF infection spread in the wild boar population in Japan compared with the CSF epidemics in European countries. The infection probability was significantly higher in dead and adult animals. The influence of the multiple rounds of oral bait vaccination was not elucidated by the statistical modeling analyses. There was a decrease and increase in the proportion of infected and immune animals, respectively; however, the immunization in piglets remained insufficient after vaccination for 1 year.

conclusionsConditions regarding the wild boar habitat, including forest continuity, higher wild boar population density, and a larger proportion of susceptible piglets, were addressed to increase the infection risk in the wild boar population. These findings could improve the national control strategy against the CSF epidemic among wild boars.

Indexed as

Sus scrofaAdministration, OralAnimalsAntibodies, ViralClassical Swine FeverClassical Swine Fever VirusDisease OutbreaksJapanSwineVaccinationViral VaccinesAntibodies, ViralViral VaccinesClassical swine fever (CSF)JapanOral bait vaccinationWild boar

Identifiers

PMID33975588
PMCPMC8111369
OpenAlexW3163389470

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.