ArticleBMC ophthalmology2021
Evaluation of optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in patients treated with Hydroxychloroquine.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in patients on hydroxychloroquine therapy.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- New insights in pathogenic mechanism of hydroxychloroquine-induced ocular toxicity through choroidal imaging analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Subtle Presentations and Diagnostic Complexities of Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Retinochoroidal and Optic Nerve Head Microstructural and Microvascular Age-Related Changes in Healthy Eyes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Superficial capillary plexus vessel density/deep capillary plexus vessel density ratio in healthy eyes.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Retinal microvasculature alteration in patients with systemic sclerosis and chloroquine treatment.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- Novel imaging techniques for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOne of the major side effects of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in a group of patients who have Hydroxychloroquine-induced retinopathy based on Multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) with a group who do not have retinopathy.
methodThis is a Cross-Sectional Study. In this study, patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had been taking Hydroxychloroquine for at least 7 years were included. MfERG and OCTA imaging were performed for all patients. Patients were divided into Normal mfERG and Abnormal mfERG groups based on mfERG results. OCTA parameters were studied in these two groups.
resultSixty-one patients (61 eyes) were included. Forty-one patients had SLE and 20 patients had RA. Forty patients (66.7%) had Abnormal mfERG. The mean vascular density (VD) in Superficial capillary plexus (SCP) layer was not significantly different between Normal mfERG and Abnormal mfERG groups (P-Value> 0.05). Mean VD in SCP layer was not significantly different between Normal mfERG and Abnormal mfERG groups (P-Value> 0.05). In RA subgroup, mean VD in SCP layer in PeriFovea region in Abnormal mfERG group was significantly lower than normal group (P-Value < 0.05). Mean VD in deep capillary plexus (DCP) layer in Whole Image, Superior Hemi, Inferior Hemi, PeriFovea area in Abnormal mfERG group was significantly lower than normal group (P-Value < 0.05). This discrepancy was also observed in the RA subgroup but not in the SLE subgroup. The mean of none of the parameters of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (mm2), Flow Area of Outer Retina (mm2) and Flow Area of Choriocapillaris (mm2) were not statistically significant between the groups Abnormal mfERG and Normal mfERG. (p-value> 0.05).
conclusionVD in the DCP layer decreased in abnormal mfERG patients compared to patients with normal mfERG. But it seems that VD in SCP layer, FAZ Area and Flow Area are similar in both groups. OCTA may be used as a non-invasive tool in the diagnosis of early stages of HCQ-induced retinopathy, especially in RA patients, but further studies are needed.
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