Observational studyBMC pulmonary medicine2021
Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of delirium in patients with noninvasive ventilation: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Predisposing and Precipitating Factors Associated With Delirium: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Liberation from Non-Invasive Ventilation in Complex Intensive Care Unit Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Prediction of noninvasive ventilation failure: a narrative review.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Effect of early goal directed mobilization on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated ICU patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Role of Non-Invasive Ventilation in Elderly Patients: Therapeutic Opportunity or Medical Futility? An Updated Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Beyond the Lungs: Extrapulmonary Effects of Non-Invasive and Invasive Ventilation Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy versus noninvasive ventilation for elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients after extubation: a noninferior randomized controlled trial protocol.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Neurophysiological patterns reflecting vulnerability to delirium subtypes: a resting-state EEG and event-related potential study.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Natural language processing diagnosed behavioural disturbance phenotypes in the intensive care unit: characteristics, prevalence, trajectory, treatment, and outcomes.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- Association of Delirium and Depression with Respiratory and Outcome Measures in COVID-19 Inpatients.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- A Novel Scale to Assess Humidification during Noninvasive Ventilation: A Prospective Observational Study.Canadian respiratory journal · 2023Observational
- [Factors Associated With Delirium In Patients Hospitalized During The COVID-19 Pandemic].Revista colombiana de psiquiatria · 2022Article
- Delirium in Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Insufficiency Requiring Noninvasive Ventilation.Journal of clinical medicine research · 2022Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Patients with Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study.Critical care research and practice · 2022Article
- Phenotypes and subphenotypes of delirium: a review of current categorisations and suggestions for progression.Critical care (London, England) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFactors that may increase the risk for delirium and the firm knowledge around mechanism for delirium in noninvasive ventilation (NIV) patients is lacking. We investigated the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of delirium in NIV patients.
methodsA prospective observational study was performed in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital. Patients in whom NIV was used as a first-line intervention were enrolled. During NIV intervention, delirium was screened using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU each day. The association between delirium and poor outcomes (e.g., NIV failure, ICU and hospital mortality) was investigated using forward stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses.
resultsWe enrolled 1083 patients. Of these, 196 patients (18.1%) experienced delirium during NIV intervention. Patients with delirium had higher NIV failure rates (37.8% vs. 21.0%, p < 0.01), higher ICU mortality (33.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.01), and higher hospital mortality (37.2% vs. 17.0%, p < 0.01) than subjects without delirium. They also had a longer duration of NIV (median 6.3 vs. 3.7 days, p < 0.01), and stayed longer in the ICU (median 9.0 vs. 6.0 days, p < 0.01) and the hospital (median 14.5 vs. 11.0 days, p < 0.01). These results were confirmed in COPD and non-COPD cohorts. According to subtype, compared to hyperactive delirium patients, hypoactive and mixed delirium patients spent more days and many more days on NIV (median 3.4 vs. 6.5 vs. 10.1 days, p < 0.01). Similar outcomes were found for length of stay in the ICU and hospital. However, NIV failure, ICU mortality, and hospital mortality did not differ among the three subtypes.
conclusionsDelirium is associated with increases in poor outcomes (NIV failure, ICU mortality, and hospital mortality) and the use of medical resources (duration of NIV, and lengths of stay in the ICU and hospital). Regarding subtype, hypoactive and mixed delirium are associated with higher, and much higher, consumption of medical resources, respectively, compared to hyperactive delirium.
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