ArticleGlobal health action2021
Undocumented immigrants' and immigrant women's access to healthcare services in the Basque Country (Spain).
Article in Global health action, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to healthcare access for irregular immigrants after their arrival in Spain: a systematic review.European journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- Barriers to women's access to healthcare in Sudan: insights into male influence and structural constraints.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Review
- Financial challenges in Iran's healthcare system arising from migrant populations: evidence from two hospitals in Yazd Province.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Sex-specific differences in healthcare utilization and preventive service uptake between immigrant and native-born populations in Spain: a matched analysis of the 2023 national health survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Identifying challenges and enabling factors in utilizing health care services by undocumented immigrant women: a scoping review of qualitative research.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Comparison of male and female non-refugee immigrants with psychosis: clinical, sociodemographic, and migration-related differences and impact on stress.Archives of women's mental health · 2024Article
- Empowerment Moderates the Relationship Between Partner Abuse and Suicidal Ideation for Immigrant Women.Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services · 2024Article
- Filipino Immigrants in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain: Health and Access to Services.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundImmigrant populations experience diverse barriers to access healthcare services in the host countries. Among them, undocumented immigrants have more restricted legal access conditions and higher risk of having poorer health. Likewise, women are more likely to seek healthcare and face gender-based factors that hinder their access.
objectiveThis thesis analysed the access of undocumented immigrants and immigrant women to public healthcare services in the Basque Country (Spain).
methodsThe thesis contained three sub-studies, carried out with qualitative and quantitative methods. For the quantitative approach, the trend in the number of consultations in a free clinic for undocumented immigrants was analysed before and after the launch of a new law, using a negative binomial regression analysis (n = 9,272). For the qualitative approach, qualitative content analysis was applied to 25 in-depth interviews with 14 immigrant women and 11 free clinic healthcare professionals.
resultsNo clear relationship was found between the application of more restrictive legal conditions for immigrants to access public healthcare services and the trend of attendance of undocumented immigrants to a free clinic. Access of undocumented immigrants and immigrant women to healthcare services was subject to barriers dependent on their characteristics, health system functioning, legal requirements and a stereotyped and poor social consideration of immigrants, shared by professionals at the health centres. Meanwhile, provision of legal information and support by individual professionals, social organizations and personal networks represented main facilitators for accessing.
conclusionsFor the access of undocumented immigrants and immigrant women, structural and individual barriers based on their social vulnerability were found. Among others, gender-based violence reduced women's possibility to access healthcare services and being undocumented led to restricted access entitlement and to fear rejection at health centres. Therefore, besides ensuring immigrants' legal entitlement, there is need of promoting rights-based attention to get more inclusive health systems.
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