ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2021
Parental income and mental disorders in children and adolescents: prospective register-based study.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic Position and Somatic Comorbidity in Mental Disorders.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- No evidence of parental mental health influencing children's academic achievement: a within-family study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Parental income and drug use disorder among second-generation individuals in Sweden: effect modification by immigrant background and region of origin.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Quality of Life Impact of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency: The Role of Social Determinants of Health.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Household income and first psychiatric hospital admissions among children and adolescents.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2026Article
- Parental wealth and mental disorders in Norway (2006-2023): a nationwide registry-based study of 1.4 million young people.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Healthcare Cost Associated with an Acute Mental Healthcare Bundle in Pediatric Emergency Departments.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Association of parental education with offspring psychiatric diagnoses, violent crimes, and suicidal behavior: a nationwide Swedish quasi-experimental study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Parental income and psychiatric disorders from age 10 to 40: a genetically informative population study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Psychiatric disorders following the clustering of family disadvantages in previous generations: a multigenerational cohort study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Disorders: Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses Using the iPSYCH Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Associations Between Distinct Trauma Classes and Mental Health Care Utilization in Norwegian Adolescents: A National Registry Study.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Associations between socioeconomic status and mental health trajectories during early adolescence: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Mental Health Service Use Among Children with Chronic Physical Illness.Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Academie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent · 2025Article
- Screening and understanding adolescents with money worries via a web-based stress check: A latent class analysis.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Parental income and poor mental well-being among Danish high school students: combining national registry data with survey information.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Household income and children's mental health outcomes: the mediating role of maternal wellbeing and parent-child relationship quality.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Diagnoses of Mental Health Disorders Among Norwegian-Born Youth and Young Adults with Immigrant Parents-A Register-Based Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Article
- The changing role of family income in mental health from childhood to adolescence: findings from a UK longitudinal study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Association between the childhood rearing environment and general and specific psychopathology factors in middle adulthood: a Swedish National High-Risk Home-Reared versus Adopted-Away Sibling Comparison Study.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with low-income parents have a higher risk of mental disorders, although it is unclear whether other parental characteristics or genetic confounding explain these associations and whether it is true for all mental disorders.
methodsIn this registry-based study of all children in Norway (n = 1 354 393) aged 5-17 years from 2008 to 2016, we examined whether parental income was associated with childhood diagnoses of mental disorders identified through national registries from primary healthcare, hospitalizations and specialist outpatient services.
resultsThere were substantial differences in mental disorders by parental income, except for eating disorders in girls. In the bottom 1% of parental income, 16.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 15.6, 18.3] of boys had a mental disorder compared with 4.1% (95% CI: 3.3, 4.8) in the top 1%. Among girls, there were 14.2% (95% CI: 12.9, 15.5) in the lowest, compared with 3.2% (95% CI: 2.5, 3.9) in the highest parental-income percentile. Differences were mainly attributable to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys and anxiety and depression in girls. There were more mental disorders in children whose parents had mental disorders or low education, or lived in separate households. Still, parental income remained associated with children's mental disorders after accounting for parents' mental disorders and other factors, and associations were also present among adopted children.
conclusionsMental disorders were 3- to 4-fold more prevalent in children with parents in the lowest compared with the highest income percentiles. Parents' own mental disorders, other socio-demographic factors and genetic confounding did not fully explain these associations.
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