Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33974183›Full record

ArticleJournal, genetic engineering & biotechnology2021

An immunoinformatics approach for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting super antigen TSST-1 of Staphylococcus aureus.

Harish Babu Kolla, Chakradhar Tirumalasetty, Krupanidhi Sreerama, Vijaya Sai Ayyagari

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Research progress on T-cell responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Pooled it
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  7. The virulence toolkit of Staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review of toxin diversity, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025
    Review
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  16. Development of multi-epitope mRNA vaccine againstSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2024
    Article
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  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Harish Babu KollaDepartment of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India.
Chakradhar TirumalasettyDepartment of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India.
Krupanidhi SreeramaDepartment of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India.
Vijaya Sai AyyagariDepartment of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur - District, Andhra Pradesh, 522 213, India. vijayasai.99@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-2268
Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTSST-1 is a secretory and pyrogenic superantigen that is being responsible for staphylococcal mediated food poisoning and associated clinical manifestations. It is one of the main targets for the construction of vaccine candidates against Staphylococcus aureus. Most of the vaccines have met failure due to adverse reactions and toxicity reported during late clinical studies. To overcome this, an immunoinformatics approach is being used in the present study for the design of a multi-epitope vaccine to circumvent the problems related to toxicity and allergenicity.

resultsIn this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus targeting TSST-1 was designed through an immunoinformatics approach. B cell and T cell epitopes were predicted in silico and mapped with linkers to avoid junctional immunogenicity and to ensure the efficient presentation of exposed epitopes through HLA. β-defensin and PADRE were adjusted at the N-terminal end of the final vaccine as adjuvants. Physiochemical parameters, antigenicity, and allergenicity of the vaccine construct were determined with the help of online servers. The three-dimensional structure of the vaccine protein was predicted and validated with various tools. The affinity of the vaccine with TLR-3 was studied through molecular docking studies and the interactions of two proteins were visualized using LigPlot

conclusionMulti-epitope vaccine designed through a computational approach is a non-allergic and non-toxic antigen. Preliminary in silico reports have shown that this vaccine could elicit both B cell and T cell responses in the host as desired.

Indexed as

ImmunoinformaticsMulti-epitope vaccineStaphylococcus aureusTSST-1 (Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1)

Identifiers

PMID33974183
PMCPMC8112219
OpenAlexW3162443883

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.