ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021
In Vivo Molecular Changes in the Retina of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Label-free in vivo molecular profiling of the human retina by non-resonant Raman spectroscopy.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive 11.7-T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging Reveals Retinal Metabolic Alterations Induced by Blue Light Exposure.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Development of a label-free, functional, molecular and structural imaging system combining optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy for in vivo measurement of rat retina.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Raman liquid biopsy: a new approach to the multiple sclerosis diagnostics.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Imaging the eye as a window to brain health: frontier approaches and future directions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Retinal Damage and Visual Network Reconfiguration Defines Visual Function Recovery in Optic Neuritis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Article
- Combining electromyography and Raman spectroscopy: optical EMG.Muscle & nerve · 2023Article
- Neuroimaging to monitor worsening of multiple sclerosis: advances supported by the grant for multiple sclerosis innovation.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Thinking outside the box: non-canonical targets in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- Retinal Glutamate Neurotransmission: From Physiology to Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effects of lighting environment on the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glutamate/aspartate transporter deficient mice, a mouse model of normal tension glaucoma.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2022Article
- From Research to Diagnostic Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Neurosciences: Past and Perspectives.Free neuropathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Raman spectroscopy allows molecular changes to be quantified in vivo from the tissues like the retina. Here we aimed to assess the metabolic changes in the retina of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: We built a Raman spectroscopy prototype by connecting a scanning laser ophthalmoscope to a spectrophotometer. We defined the spectra of 10 molecules participating on energy supply, axon biology, or synaptic damage, which have been shown to be altered in the brain of patients with MS: cytochrome C, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), excitotoxicity, glutamate, amyloid β (Aβ), τ and α-synuclein (SNCA), phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidyl-choline. We studied these molecules in a prospective cohort of patients with MS, either in the chronic phase or during relapses of acute optic neuritis (AON). Results: Significant changes to all these molecules were associated with age in healthy individuals. There was a significant decrease in NADH and a trend toward a decrease in NAA in patients with MS, as well as an increase in Aβ compared with healthy controls. Moreover, NADH and FAD increased over time in a longitudinal analysis of patients with MS, whereas Aβ diminished. In patients with acute retinal inflammation due to AON, there was a significant increase in FAD and a decrease in SNCA in the affected retina. Moreover, glutamate levels increased in the affected eyes after a 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: Alterations of molecules related to axonal degeneration are observed during neuroinflammation and show dynamic changes over time, suggesting progressive neurodegeneration.
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