ArticleClinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine2021
Normative and Psychometric Characteristics of the Health and Behavior Inventory Among Children With Mild Orthopedic Injury Presenting to the Emergency Department: Implications for Assessing Postconcussive Symptoms Using the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (Child SCAT5).
Article in Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of an individualized and goal-oriented intervention in the chronic phase of pediatric acquired brain injury: the Child in Context Intervention (CICI)-a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal changes in brain metabolites following pediatric concussion.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Optimal Volume of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Postconcussion in Children and Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Psychometric properties of the Norwegian vesion of the pediatric family needs questionnaire - pediatric (FNQ-P).Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- The Integrated Effect of Physical Activity and Sleep Problems on Concussion Symptom Resolution.Journal of sport rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Validation of the Norwegian Version of the Tool to Measure Parenting Self-Efficacy (TOPSE) Questionnaire in Families With Children and Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury.Child: care, health and development · 2026Article
- Individual characteristics associated with youth symptom reports and persisting symptoms after concussion.Journal of neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Smartphone App-Delivered Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Concussion in Adolescents (MBI-4-mTBI): Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- Post-Traumatic Headache in Children and Genetic Risk of Migraine: An Observational Cohort Study.Neurology. Genetics · 2026Article
- Nightly Sleep Duration and Symptom Burden Over 1 Month Following Pediatric Concussion.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Observational
- Concussion symptom presentation and clinical recovery among pediatric athletes: comparing concussions sustained during school and summer months.Brain injury · 2024Article
- Article
- IQ After Pediatric Concussion.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- Predicting Time to Evaluation After Pediatric Concussion: Factors Affecting Specialty Concussion Care.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Assessing Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Recovery Using Resting-State Magnetoencephalography Source Magnitude Imaging and Machine Learning.Journal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Association of Posttraumatic Headache With Symptom Burden After Concussion in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Sleep Problems After Concussion Are Associated With Poor Balance and Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms.Journal of child neurology · 2023Article
- Altered longitudinal structural connectome in paediatric mild traumatic brain injury: an Advancing Concussion Assessment in Paediatrics study.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Cerebral Hemodynamics and Microvasculature Changes in Relation to White Matter Microstructure After Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An A-CAP Pilot Study.Neurotrauma reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe study sought to present normative and psychometric data and reliable change formulas for the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI), a postconcussive symptom rating scale embedded in the Child Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th edition (Child SCAT5).
designProspective cohort study with longitudinal follow-up.
settingPediatric emergency departments (EDs).
participantsAs part of 3 studies conducted in the United States and Canada between 2001 and 2019, 450 children aged 8 to 16 years with mild orthopedic injuries were recruited during ED visits and assessed postacutely (M = 9.38 days, SD = 3.31) and 1 month and 3 months postinjury. Independent variables were rater (child vs parent), sex, and age at injury.
main outcome measureHBI ratings.
methodsChildren and parents rated children's symptoms at each time point; parents also rated children's preinjury symptoms retrospectively. Normative data (mean, SD, skewness, kurtosis, and percentiles) were computed for child and parent ratings. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach alpha (α), and test-retest reliability and interrater agreement were assessed with intraclass correlations (ICCs). Reliable change formulas were computed using linear regression and mixed models.
resultsHBI ratings were positively skewed. Mean ratings and percentiles were stable over time. Child and parent ratings demonstrated good-to-excellent internal consistency (α 0.76-0.94) and moderate-to-good test-retest reliability (ICC 0.51-0.76 between adjacent assessments). However, parent-child agreement was poor to moderate (ICC 0.31-0.69).
conclusionsThe HBI demonstrates acceptable normative and psychometric characteristics. Modest parent-child agreement highlights the importance of multiple informants when assessing postconcussive symptoms. The results will facilitate the use of the HBI in research and clinical practice.
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