ArticleJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2021
Evaluation of laboratory assays for anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies after ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccination.
Article in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ischemic Stroke and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 Vaccine: A Case Report with Systematic Review of the Literature.Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensor for the Detection of Platelet Factor 4 Antibody-Mediated Thrombotic Disorders.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- [Antiplatelet factor 4 (PF4)-associated disorders: from drug adverse reactions to thrombotic disease].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Endothelial cell activation enhances thromboinflammation in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.Blood advances · 2025Article
- VITT Pathophysiology: An Update.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Anti-PF4 mediated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis associated with acute cytomegalovirus infection displays both HIT-like and VITT-like characteristics.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- PF4-associated immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (PITT)-More than heparin and vaccines.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- Anti-Platelet factor 4 immunothrombosis-not just heparin and vaccine triggers.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: pathophysiology and diagnosis.Annals of hematology · 2025Review
- Mini-clusters of postadenovirus VITT.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Article
- Advances in our understanding of anti-PF4 related immunothrombosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Autoantibodies to protein S may explain rare cases of coagulopathy following COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A cluster of pediatric vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia-like cases with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following respiratory infections-case series.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- Natural history of anti-PF 4 antibodies in patients with vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2024Article
- Aggressive Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis in a Young Woman with a Past Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Reports (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Anti-PF4 immunothrombosis without proximate heparin or adenovirus vector vaccine exposure.Blood · 2023Article
- The clinicopathological features of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome following ChAdOx1-S (AZD1222) vaccination and case outcomes in Australia: a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine and Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome among Adults: A Systematic Review.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Review
- COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia: a review.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2023Review
- Laboratory Testing for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Antibodies: A Narrative Review.Seminars in thrombosis and hemostasis · 2023Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) following ChAdOx1 nCOV-19 vaccine has been described, associated with unusual site thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, raised D-dimer, and high-titer immunoglobulin-G (IgG) class anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been shown to detect anti-PF4 in patients with VITT, but chemiluminescence assays do not reliably detect them. ELISA assays are not widely available in diagnostic laboratories, and, globally, very few laboratories perform platelet activation assays.
methodsAssays that are commercially available in the United Kingdom were evaluated for their ability to identify anti-PF4 antibodies in samples from patients with suspected VITT. Four IgG-specific ELISAs, two polyspecific ELISAs, and four rapid assays were performed on samples from 43 patients with suspected VITT from across the United Kingdom. Cases were identified after referral to the UK Expert Haematology Panel multidisciplinary team and categorized into unlikely, possible, or probable VITT. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We demonstrated that the HemosIL AcuStar HIT-IgG, HemosIL HIT-Ab, Diamed PaGIA gel, and STic Expert assays have poor sensitivity for VITT in comparison to ELISA. Where these assays are used for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) diagnosis, laboratories should ensure that requests for suspected VITT are clearly identified so that an ELISA is performed. No superiority of IgG-ELISAs over polyspecific ELISAs in sensitivity to VITT could be demonstrated. No single ELISA method detected all possible/probable VITT cases; if a single ELISA test is negative, a second ELISA or a platelet activation assay should be considered where there is strong clinical suspicion.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.