Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33973095›Full record

ArticleAnimal cognition2021

Long-term stability of vocal individuality cues in a territorial and monogamous seabird.

Chiara Calcari, Cristina Pilenga, Luigi Baciadonna, Marco Gamba, Livio Favaro

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Animal cognition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Accelerando and crescendo in African penguin ecstatic display songs.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. Nonlinear vocal phenomena in African penguin begging calls: occurrence, significance and potential applications.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chiara CalcariDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Cristina PilengaZoomarine Italia, Torvaianica-Pomezia, Rome, Italy.
Luigi BaciadonnaDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Marco GambaDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9545-2242
Livio FavaroDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. livio.favaro@unito.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-472X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The stability of individual acoustic features is fundamental in social species, and more importantly in monogamous and territorial species, showing long-term fidelity both to the partner and the breeding site. In this study, the stability over time of two discrete vocal types was investigated in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), a monogamous and territorial seabird. Contact calls and ecstatic display songs were recorded from an ex situ colony in 2017 and in 2020. For each vocalisation, we measured 14 spectral and temporal acoustic parameters related to both source and filter components. Two separate leave-one-out cross-validated Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA) were then performed, generating the discriminant functions from the vocalisations collected in 2017 to classify those recorded in 2020. The DFA correctly classified 62% of the contact calls (10 subjects) and 80.9% of the ecstatic display songs (seven subjects) according to the correct emitter, showing that acoustic cues to individuality encoded in both vocal types remained unchanged over four consecutive breeding seasons. We suggest that, in this monogamous and territorial bird species, individual acoustic stability could be selected for to identify groupmates and neighbours over the years and to help couples to reunite in consecutive breeding seasons, increasing individual fitness.

Indexed as

SpheniscidaeVocalization, AnimalAcousticsAnimalsCuesTerritorialityAfrican penguinBioacousticsContact callsSource-filter theoryVocal communication

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.