Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33972626›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Formulation and evaluation of injectable dextran sulfate sodium nanoparticles as a potent antibacterial agent.

Osama A Madkhali, Sivakumar Sivagurunathan Moni, Muhammad H Sultan, Haitham A Bukhary, Mohammed Ghazwani, Nabil A Alhakamy, Abdulkarim M Meraya, Saeed Alshahrani, Saad Saeed Alqahtani, Mohammed Ali Bakkari and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  4. Periodic Table of Immunomodulatory Elements and Derived Two-Dimensional Biomaterials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Design, physicochemical characterisation, andSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023
    Article
  9. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Osama A MadkhaliDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Sivakumar Sivagurunathan MoniDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia. drsmsivakumar@gmail.com.
Muhammad H SultanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Haitham A BukharyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed GhazwaniDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Nabil A AlhakamyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulkarim M MerayaPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Saeed AlshahraniPharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Saad Saeed AlqahtaniPharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Ali BakkariDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia.
M Intakhab AlamDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Eltaib ElmobarkDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan, Postal Code 45142, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel nano antibacterial formulation of dextran sulfate sodium polymer. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) nanoparticles were formulated with gelation technique. The nanoparticles exhibited significant physicochemical and effective antibacterial properties, with zeta potential of - 35.2 mV, particle size of 69.3 z d nm, polydispersity index of 0.6, and percentage polydispersity of 77.8. The DSS nanoparticles were stable up to 102 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an endothermic peak at 165.77 °C in 12.46 min, while XRD analysis at 2θ depicted various peaks at 21.56°, 33.37°, 38.73°, 47.17°, 52.96°, and 58.42°, indicating discrete nanoparticle formation. Antibacterial studies showed that the DSS nanoparticles were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of DSS nanoparticles for Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) were 150, 200, 250, 150, 200, 250, 250 µg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of DSS nanoparticles were in the order E. coli (26 ± 1.2 mm) at 150 µg/mL > S. pyogenes (24.6 ± 0.8 mm) at 250 µg/mL > B. subtilis (23.5 ± 2 mm) at 150 µg/mL > K. pneumoniae (22 ± 2 mm) at 250 µg/mL > P. aeruginosa (21.8 ± 1 mm) at 200 µg/mL > S. aureus (20.8 ± 1 mm) at 200 µg/mL > P. vulgaris (20.5 ± 0.9 mm) at 250 µg/mL. These results demonstrate the antibacterial potency of DSS injectable nanoparticles.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsColloidsDextran SulfateDrug CompoundingFreeze DryingGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Positive BacteriaInjectionsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsNanoparticlesParticle SizePolymersAnti-Bacterial AgentsColloidsDextran SulfatePolymers

Identifiers

PMID33972626
PMCPMC8110975

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.