Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33972518›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Increased excitatory to inhibitory synaptic ratio in parietal cortex samples from individuals with Alzheimer's disease.

Julie C Lauterborn, Pietro Scaduto, Conor D Cox, Anton Schulmann, Gary Lynch, Christine M Gall, C Dirk Keene, Agenor Limon

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
14.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. The Alzheimer's disease risk gene SORL1 is a regulator of excitatory neuronal function.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
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  5. Article
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. How Do Amyloid Pathology and Aberrant Neuronal Activity Disrupt Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease?The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Excitation-inhibition homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease: a selective multiscale review of mechanisms, sex differences, and therapeutic opportunities.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Julie C LauterbornDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. jclauter@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-6151
Pietro ScadutoDepartment of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA.
Conor D CoxDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Anton SchulmannNational Institute of Mental Health, Human Genetics Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6323-4969
Gary LynchDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Christine M GallDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7727-796X
C Dirk KeeneDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-1469
Agenor LimonDepartment of Neurology, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, USA. aglimonr@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-770X
University of California, Irvine · USThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USNational Institute of Mental Health · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF INTRA-NASAL INSULIN DETEMIRP50AG005136 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GRABOWSKI, THOMAS J. · 1985 to 2019
$57.2M
University of Washington Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG066509 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Thomas J. Grabowski · 2020 to 2026
$29.0M
The Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of California, IrvineP30AG066519 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Elizabeth Head · 2020 to 2026
$27.9M
Human Brain and Spinal Fluid Resource CenterR24NS056062 · NINDS · BRENTWOOD BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI NAGRA, RASHED M. · 2007 to 2012
$3.1M
Loss and rescue of endocannabinoid-dependent LTP and memory in Fragile-X model miceR01HD089491 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI GALL, CHRISTINE M, LYNCH, GARY S · 2016 to 2020
$2.2M
Synaptic Imbalance in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's DiseaseR21AG053740 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI LAUTERBORN, JULIE C, LIMON, AGENOR · 2016 to 2017
$425k
Multidimensional Analysis of Synaptic Dysfunction in SchizophreniaR21MH113177 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LIMON, AGENOR, VAWTER, MARQUIS PHILIP · 2017 to 2018
$425k
Synaptic Actin Regulatory Proteins in Down SyndromeR21HD079823 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LAUTERBORN, JULIE C · 2015 to 2016
$423k
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066509NIA NIH HHS P30 AG066519NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005136NIA NIH HHS R21 AG053740NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD089491NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD079823NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH113177NINDS NIH HHS R24 NS056062
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Synaptic disturbances in excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) balance in forebrain circuits are thought to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, although direct evidence for such imbalance in humans is lacking. We assessed anatomical and electrophysiological synaptic E/I ratios in post-mortem parietal cortex samples from middle-aged individuals with AD (early-onset) or Down syndrome (DS) by fluorescence deconvolution tomography and microtransplantation of synaptic membranes. Both approaches revealed significantly elevated E/I ratios for AD, but not DS, versus controls. Gene expression studies in an independent AD cohort also demonstrated elevated E/I ratios in individuals with AD as compared to controls. These findings provide evidence of a marked pro-excitatory perturbation of synaptic E/I balance in AD parietal cortex, a region within the default mode network that is overly active in the disorder, and support the hypothesis that E/I imbalances disrupt cognition-related shifts in cortical activity which contribute to the intellectual decline in AD.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsAnuraAutopsyCognitive DysfunctionDisks Large Homolog 4 ProteinDown SyndromeFemaleGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsGene Expression RegulationHumansMaleMembrane ProteinsMiddle AgedNerve NetAmyloid beta-PeptidesDisks Large Homolog 4 ProteinDLG4 protein, humanGABA Plasma Membrane Transport ProteinsgephyrinMembrane ProteinsSLC6A1 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID33972518
PMCPMC8110554
OpenAlexW3161141368

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.