ArticleBMC bioinformatics2021
DR2S: an integrated algorithm providing reference-grade haplotype sequences from heterozygous samples.
Article in BMC bioinformatics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- A computational HLA allele-typing protocol to de-noise and leverage nanopore amplicon data.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Submitting Novel Full-Length HLA, MIC, and KIR Alleles with TypeLoader2.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of the medicinal plants Lonicera macranthoides and L. japonica provides insight into genus genome evolution and hederagenin-based saponin biosynthesis.Plant biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- High population frequencies ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Nanopore sequencing technology, bioinformatics and applications.Nature biotechnology · 2021Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh resolution HLA genotyping of donors and recipients is a crucially important prerequisite for haematopoetic stem-cell transplantation and relies heavily on the quality and completeness of immunogenetic reference sequence databases of allelic variation.
resultsHere, we report on DR2S, an R package that leverages the strengths of two sequencing technologies-the accuracy of next-generation sequencing with the read length of third-generation sequencing technologies like PacBio's SMRT sequencing or ONT's nanopore sequencing-to reconstruct fully-phased high-quality full-length haplotype sequences. Although optimised for HLA and KIR genes, DR2S is applicable to all loci with known reference sequences provided that full-length sequencing data is available for analysis. In addition, DR2S integrates supporting tools for easy visualisation and quality control of the reconstructed haplotype to ensure suitability for submission to public allele databases.
conclusionsDR2S is a largely automated workflow designed to create high-quality fully-phased reference allele sequences for highly polymorphic gene regions such as HLA or KIR. It has been used by biologists to successfully characterise and submit more than 500 HLA alleles and more than 500 KIR alleles to the IPD-IMGT/HLA and IPD-KIR databases.
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