ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2021
Human Leukocyte Antigen Profile Predicts Severity of Autoimmune Liver Disease in Children of European Ancestry.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune hepatitis in children: Guidelines of the Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ISPGHAN).Hepatology international · 2025Guideline
- Autoimmune liver diseases and overlap syndromes in children with inflammatory bowel diseases.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pediatric Autoimmune Sclerosing Cholangitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Genetically predicted blood metabolites mediate the association between immune cell characteristics and urolithiasis: A Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Unmet needs in autoimmune liver diseases.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- HLA alleles predisposing to autoimmunity are linked to impaired immunoregulation in patients with juvenile autoimmune liver disease and in their first-degree relatives.Journal of autoimmunity · 2025Article
- The Limitation of HLA Diversity as a Risk Factor for Pediatric-Onset Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Clonal analysis of SepSecS-specific B and T cells in autoimmune hepatitis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and outcomes in 50 children with autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective study from a single centre in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis under the COVID-19 veil: an analysis of the nature of potential associations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Depressive symptom as a risk factor for cirrhosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: Analysis based on Lasso-logistic regression and decision tree models.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Two Concomitant Rare Extraglandular Manifestations of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: IgA Nephropathy and Autoimmune Hepatitis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Spectrum of Pediatric Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Cohort of Pakistani Children.Global pediatric health · 2024Article
- Review
- NovelFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Expression of HLA and Autoimmune Pathway Genes in Liver Biopsies of Young Subjects With Autoimmune Hepatitis Type 1.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2022Article
- Autoimmmune hepatitis.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2022Review
- HLA Associations in pediatric autoimmune liver diseases: Current state and future research initiatives.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Standard immunosuppressive treatment reduces regulatory B cells in children with autoimmune liver disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- HLA, gut microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsGenetic predisposition to autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in adults is associated with possession of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I (A*01, B*08) and class II (DRB1*03, -04, -07, or -13) alleles, depending on geographic region. Juvenile autoimmune liver disease (AILD) comprises AIH-1, AIH-2, and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), which are phenotypically different from their adult counterparts. We aimed to define the relationship between HLA profile and disease course, severity, and outcome in juvenile AILD. APPROACH AND
resultsWe studied 236 children of European ancestry (152 female [64%], median age 11.15 years, range 0.8-17), including 100 with AIH-1, 59 with AIH-2, and 77 with ASC. The follow-up period was from 1977 to June 2019 (median 14.5 years). Class I and II HLA genotyping was performed using PCR/sequence-specific primers. HLA B*08, -DRB1*03, and the A1-B8-DR3 haplotype impart predisposition to all three forms of AILD. Homozygosity for DRB1*03 represented the strongest risk factor (8.8). HLA DRB1*04, which independently confers susceptibility to AIH in adults, was infrequent in AIH-1 and ASC, suggesting protection; and DRB1*15 (DR15) was protective against all forms of AILD. Distinct HLA class II alleles predispose to the different subgroups of juvenile AILD: DRB1*03 to AIH-1, DRB1*13 to ASC, and DRB1*07 to AIH-2. Possession of homozygous DRB1*03 or of DRB1*13 is associated with fibrosis at disease onset, and possession of these two genes in addition to DRB1*07 is associated with a more severe disease in all three subgroups.
conclusionsUnique HLA profiles are seen in each subgroup of juvenile AILD. HLA genotype might be useful in predicting responsiveness to immunosuppressive treatment and course.
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