ArticleDrug safety2021
Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies About Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Related to Antibiotic Misuse.
Article in Drug safety, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Comparison of Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Approaches in Studies on Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to Non-Medical Tranquilizer Use.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCross-sectional studies on the association between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic misuse are abundant. Conversely, longitudinal studies are unavailable.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to compare findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal data analyses of the same study on knowledge and attitudes related to practices of antibiotic misuse in the general adult population.
methodsA validated knowledge, attitudes, and practices questionnaire was self-administered at baseline and participants were followed up bimonthly. Logistic regression was used on baseline data to compute adjusted odds ratios in the cross-sectional data analysis. In the longitudinal approach, Poisson regression and generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios and adjusted odds ratios, respectively.
resultsSeven hundred and forty-seven adults completed the baseline and the follow-up questionnaires. In the cross-sectional analysis, 78 participants misused antibiotics and strong associations were observed between agreement with various knowledge and attitudes statements and antibiotic misuse practices, with odds ratios between 1.94 and 5.66. In the longitudinal data analysis using Poisson regression, 46 events of antibiotic misuse were detected. No associations were observed between knowledge, attitudes, and misuse practices, except for two statements about the preference of storing antibiotics [adjusted incidence rate ratio: 2.33 (95% confidence interval 1.20-4.54)] and taking antibiotics when getting a cold [adjusted incidence rate ratio: 2.28 (95% confidence interval 1.24-4.21)]. The magnitude of these associations was lower than that observed in the cross-sectional analysis. Findings of the generalized linear mixed-model analysis were similar to those yielded by Poisson regression.
conclusionsThe cross-sectional and the longitudinal approaches yield divergent results in our setting. Risk of bias in both analyses should be scrutinized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.