ArticleAfrican journal of primary health care & family medicine2021
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban primary care settings: Botswana.
Article in African journal of primary health care & family medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adult hospitalized patients with chronic diseases: a multicenter study in Anhui, China using machine learning methods.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Depression Symptoms among Family Members of Nyaope Users in the City of Tshwane, South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of depression is estimated to be high in primary care settings, especially amongst people with chronic diseases. Early identification and management of depression can improve chronic disease outcomes and quality of life, however, there are many missed opportunities in primary care.
aimThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression and depressive symptoms in two urban primary care settings.
settingThe study was conducted at two primary care facilities in the capital city of Botswana.
methodsWe administered a demographic questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to adults attending two primary care facilities. The association between depressive symptoms and demographic variables was determined using Chi-square; level of significance was set at 0.05. We carried out a multivariate analysis using Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the association between demographic characteristics and depression.
resultsA sample of 259 participants were recruited (66.8% women, median age 32). The mean PHQ-9 score was 8.71. A total of 39.8% of participants screened positive for depression at a cut-off of 9.0% and 35.1% at a cut-off of 10. Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status and income using the Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 (1) = 5.649, p = 0.017.
conclusionThe high rates of depressive symptoms amongst the study population highlight the need for depression screening in primary care settings. The association between unemployment and income underscore the impact of socio-economic status on mental health in this setting.
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