ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2021
Molecular Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in Four Consecutive Influenza Seasons 2015-16 to 2018-19 in a Tertiary Center in Western Saudi Arabia.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis ofViruses · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of influenza A (A/H3N2) viruses reveals antigenic drift in receptor binding domain and possible vaccine mismatch in strains circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2024-2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genetic variation and vaccine match of influenza B virus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia during three consecutive seasons, 2020-2023.Virus genes · 2026Article
- Molecular Surveillance, Evolution, and Vaccine Strain Match of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Evolution and Vaccine Strain Match ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Genetic Divergence of H1N1pdm09 in Saudi Arabia: Unveiling a Novel N-Glycosylation Site and Its Role in Vaccine Mismatch.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Patterns of the Circulation of Influenza in a Targeted Jordanian Subpopulation from November 2021 to April 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Saudi Heart Association Position Statement on Adult Vaccinations for Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of the Saudi Heart Association · 2025Article
- Patients with influenza admitted to a tertiary-care hospital in Riyadh between 2018 and 2022: characteristics, outcomes and factors associated with ICU admission and mortality.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Changes in Influenza Activities Impacted by NPI Based on 4-Year Surveillance in China: Epidemic Patterns and Trends.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
- Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Kinetics of Influenza A Virus H3N2 Subtypes Circulating in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Retrospective Study.Pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- A 1-year cross-sectional study on the predominance of influenza among hospitalized children in a tropical area, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2022Article
- Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to Human Rhinovirus-A Retrospective Study.Canadian respiratory journal · 2022Article
- National expert consensus recommendations on influenza vaccination in Saudi Arabia (2025).Journal of family & community medicineReview
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInfluenza infection poses a significant public health threat. The core for disease prevention and control relies on strengthened surveillance activities, particularly in Saudi Arabia, the country that hosts the largest annual mass gathering event worldwide. This study aimed to assess the molecular and seasonal pattern of influenza virus subtypes in western Saudi Arabia to inform policy decisions on influenza vaccine.
methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, western Saudi Arabia. Medical records and surveillance database of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were reviewed from October 2015 to 2019. A panel of real-time polymerase chain reactions was performed to detect influenza A and B. Extracted RNA from a subset of positive samples was used to determine influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages.
resultsThis study included a total of 1928 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza infections. Influenza peaks were observed in October each season, with variant predominant strains. Influenza virus subtypes co-circulate with no reports of co-infection. Influenza A(H3N2) was reported in 42% of the cases, then influenza B (30.7%) and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (27.3%). Healthcare workers represented 9.4% of the cases. One-third of the cases (30.4%) were admitted to the hospital with a median admission duration of 4 days. The influenza B viruses were subtyped in 218 cases. Victoria lineage was predominant (64.1%) in 2015 and 2016; however, Yamagata was predominant in the next two consecutive seasons (94.4% and 85.4%, respectively).
conclusionThe burden due to influenza B may be underestimated with an observed vaccine mismatch. A quadrivalent influenza vaccine is recommended to reduce the health impact associated with influenza B infections. Molecular surveillance of the influenza viruses should be enhanced continuously for a better understanding of the influenza activity and assessment of vaccine effectiveness.
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