SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2021
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Associated Hepatotoxicity in Primary Liver Cancer Versus Other Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatotoxicity of ICI monotherapy or combination therapy in HCC: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Distinct autoantibody profiles across checkpoint inhibitor types and toxicities.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- Hepatic and Pancreatobiliary Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Hepatotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitor plus targeted therapy versus tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-mediated Hepatotoxicity: Emerging Insights and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Hepatitis, an Emerging Issue in Precision Cancer Therapy Era: A Narrative Literature Review.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2026Review
- Hepatobiliary Adverse Events Linked to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis Using FAERS Data.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Delayed-Onset Immune-Mediated Hepatitis Following Pembrolizumab Discontinuation: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- High Grade Hepatotoxicity From Dual Checkpoint Inhibitors Is More Common in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Than Other Cancers.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Article
- Predicting the occurrence of liver injury induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a retrospective analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- High‑intensity focused ultrasound thermal ablation boosts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cancers with liver metastases: A single‑center retrospective cohort study.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Real-world study on adverse drug reactions of pembrolizumab in endometrial cancer treatment: insights from the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and steroid therapy in immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated hepatitis.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Liver Injury Induced by PD-1 Inhibitors in Patients with Malignancies: A Case-Control Study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Article
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenic therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer: a real - world retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives.Cancers · 2024Review
- Review
- Clinical characteristics and prognostic implications of immune-related hepatitis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Achilles' Heel of currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOverall risks of hepatotoxicity with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yet to be compared in primary liver cancers to other solid tumors.
methodsWe reviewed data from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, and assessed the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with ICIs.
resultsA total of 117 trials were eligible for the meta-analysis, including 7 trials with primary liver cancers. The most common hepatotoxicity was ALT elevation (incidence of all grade 5.29%, 95% CI 4.52-6.20) and AST elevation (incidence of all grade 5.88%, 95% CI 4.96-6.97). The incidence of all grade ALT and AST elevation was 6.01% and 6.84% for anti-PD-1 (95% CI 5.04-7.18/5.69-8.25) and 3.60% and 3.72% for anti-PD-L1 (95% CI 2.72-4.76/2.82-4.94;
conclusionOur study indicates that anti-PD-1 is associated with a higher risk of all- and high-grade hepatotoxicity compared to anti-PD-L1, and primary liver cancers are associated with a higher risk of all- and high-grade hepatotoxicity compared to other solid tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.