ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021
Three-dimensional Printing in Plastic Surgery: Current Applications, Future Directions, and Ethical Implications.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Academic Point-of-Care Manufacturing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Retrospective Review at Gregorio Marañón University Hospital.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Using microwave ablation in combination with curettage and reconstruction with a vascularized iliac bone graft guided by a three-dimensional printed model for the treatment of a grade III talar giant cell tumor: a case report.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Three-Dimensional Printing in the Management of Frontal Bone Trauma.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in plastic surgery, where do we stand?JPRAS open · 2024Review
- Rapid-printed Three-dimensional Models for Craniomaxillofacial Trauma.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Advancing Precision Rhinoplasty: Preoperative Digital 3D Surgical Planning.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Digital Surgical Guides in Mandibular Genioplasty: Evaluating Precision Against Conventional Techniques.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- A Novel Approach to Incision Marking in Abdominoplasty Using 3D Printing Technology: A Description of Technique.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Article
- Three-dimensional Medical Printing and Associated Legal Issues in Plastic Surgery: A Scoping Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2023Article
- Biomechanical properties of 3D printable material usable for synthetic personalized healthy human aorta.International journal of bioprinting · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Photography and Computer Modeling as a Reconstructive Surgical Training Tool.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2023Article
- Point of Care Virtual Surgical Planning and 3D Printing in Facial Feminization Surgery.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2022Review
- Facial Feminization Surgery: A Systematic Review of Perioperative Surgical Planning and Outcomes.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- The Utilization of Three-Dimensional Printing in Creating a Surgical Instrument: An Areola Cookie Cutter.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2022Article
- In-house 3D Model Printing for Acute Cranio-maxillo-facial Trauma Surgery: Process, Time, and Costs.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThree-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapidly advancing tool that has revolutionized plastic surgery. With ongoing research and development of new technology, surgeons can use 3DP for surgical planning, medical education, biological implants, and more. This literature review aims to summarize the currently published literature on 3DP's impact on plastic surgery.
methodsA literature review was performed using Pubmed and MEDLINE from 2016 to 2020 by 2 independent authors. Keywords used for literature search included 3-dimensional (3D), three-dimensional printing (3DP), printing, plastic, surgery, applications, prostheses, implants, medical education, bioprinting, and preoperative planning. All studies from the database queries were eligible for inclusion. Studies not in English, not pertaining to plastic surgery and 3DP, or focused on animal data were excluded.
resultsIn total, 373 articles were identified. Sixteen articles satisfied all inclusion and exclusion criteria, and were further analyzed by the authors. Most studies were either retrospective cohort studies, case reports, or case series and with 1 study being prospective in design.
conclusions3DP has consistently shown to be useful in the field of plastic surgery with improvements on multiple aspects, including the delivery of safe, effective methods of treating patients while improving patient satisfaction. Although the current technology may limit the ability of true bioprinting, research has shown safe and effective ways to incorporate biological material into the 3D printed scaffolds or implants. With an overwhelmingly positive outlook on 3DP and potential for more applications with updated technology, 3DP shall remain as an effective tool for the field of plastic surgery.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.