ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
From the Immune Profile to the Immunoscore: Signatures for Improving Postsurgical Prognostic Prediction of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reframe the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Cancers · 2026Review
- PredictingEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Characterization of the Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Immune Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Defining Tumor Microenvironment as a Possible Target for Effective GEP-NENs Immunotherapy-A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2023Review
- Recent research hotspots in sequencing and the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor microenvironment.Cancer biology & medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Diagnosis, Tumor Grade and Prognosis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- CD3Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: Immune infiltration plays an important role in tumor development and progression and shows promising prognostic value in numerous tumors. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of immune infiltration in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs) and to establish an Immunoscore system to improve the prediction of postsurgical recurrence-free survival. Methods: To derive transcriptional signatures and deconvolute specific immune populations, two GEO datasets containing 158 Pan-NET patients were reanalyzed to summarize the immune infiltration landscape and identify immune-related signatures. Using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and immunochemistry methods, candidate signatures were further detected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression model used statistically significant survival predicators in the training cohort (n=125) to build an Immunoscore system. The prognostic and predictive accuracy was validated in an external independent cohort of 77 patients. Results: The immune infiltration profile in Pan-NETs showed significant heterogeneity, among which accumulated immune cells, T lymphocytes and macrophages were predominant. Fourteen statistically significant immune-related signatures were further identified in the screening cohort. The Immunoscore system for Pan-NETs (ISpnet) consisting of six immune features (CCL19, IL-16, CD163, IRF4, CD8 Conclusion: Our model, ISpnet, captures immune feature-associated prognostic indicators in Pan-NETs and represents the first immune feature-based score for the postsurgical prognostic prediction. The nomogram based on the ISpnet and independent clinical risk factors might facilitate decision-making regarding early recurrence risk monitoring, identify high-risk patients in need of adjuvant therapy, and provide auxiliary guidance for patients with Pan-NETs that may benefit from immunotherapy in clinical trials.
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