ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2021
Low Serum LH Levels During Ovarian Stimulation With GnRH Antagonist Protocol Decrease the Live Birth Rate After Fresh Embryo Transfers but Have No Impact in Freeze-All Cycles.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of pre-treatment with oral short-acting contraceptives on assisted reproductive technology outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Modified letrozole vs GnRH antagonist protocols in ovarian aging women for IVF: an open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Nonlinear association of serum luteinizing hormone on hCG trigger day with cumulative live birth in IVF cycles: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Trial
- Luteinizing hormone-based modified GnRH antagonist protocol in normal responders undergoingFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Empty Follicle Syndrome: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Role of Triggering Agents in Assisted Reproductive Technology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of trigger-day serum luteinizing hormone levels on embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes in overweight and obese women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocols: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The ovarian response to stimulation in patients with lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin); a retrospective age-matched control study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of late follicular luteinizing hormone levels on live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study in GNRH antagonist cycles.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Management of LH/FSH deficiency among assisted reproduction specialists in Spain: a Delphi consensus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Impact of Luteinizing Hormone on IVF/ICSI Assisted Reproduction on the Initiation Day of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Antagonist Protocol.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Effect of LH level on HCG trigger day on clinical outcomes in patients with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing GnRH-antagonist protocol.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Article
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- Luteinizing hormone profiles during ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Optimal timing of GnRH antagonist initiation in IVF-ET: a retrospective cohort study on advanced maternal age women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Effects of Low Luteinizing Hormone Serum Levels on Oocyte Retrieval, Fertilization Rate, and Embryo Quality during Controlled Ovarian Stimulation: Results from a Prospective Cohort Analysis.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2024Article
- Effect of basal luteinizing hormone (bLH) level on in vitro fertilization/intra-cytoplasmic injections (IVF/ICSI) outcomes in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- The effect of luteinizing hormone changes in GnRH antagonist protocol on the outcome of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and embryo transfer.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Association between serum LH levels on hCG trigger day and live birth rate after fresh embryo transfer with GnRH antagonist regimen in different populations.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between serum LH levels and the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) within one complete cycle, and the impact of serum LH levels on the live birth rate (LBR) after the initial embryo transfer (ET) considering different ET strategies (fresh or freeze-all). Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated reproductive center. Patients: 1480 normogonadotrophic women who underwent COS with GnRH antagonist protocol for the first IVF/ICSI attempt. Interventions: The sample was stratified into low and higher LH groups according to serum LH peak levels of <4 (Group A) and ≥4 IU/L (Group B) during COS. Patients were also sub-grouped into conventional fresh/frozen ET cycles and freeze-all cycles. Main outcome measures: The LBR after the initial embryo transfer and the CLBR within one complete cycle. Secondary outcome measures: The numbers of day-3 high-quality embryos, the numbers of embryos available, and the other pregnancy outcomes after the initial ET. Results: In the whole cohort, the CLBRs decreased significantly in the low (63.1% vs. 68.3%, Conclusions: In comparison with higher LH levels, low LH levels decrease the CLBRs per oocyte retrieval cycle for normogonadotrophic women who underwent COS using GnRH antagonists. This discrepancy may arise due to the significant detrimental effect of low LH levels on the LBRs after fresh embryo transfers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.