ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021
Interferon- and STING-independent induction of type I interferon stimulated genes during fractionated irradiation.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02072720 (Pilot Study to Determine the Effect of Fractionated Radiotherapy on Expression of Pro-angiogenic Factors in Oesophagus Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study to Determine the Effect of Fractionated Radiotherapy on Expression of Pro-angiogenic Factors in Oesophagus Carcinoma
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ursodeoxycholic acid enhances cancer radioimmunotherapy by releasing a human-biased FXR-TRIM22-STAT1 immune brake.Cell research · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy and Immune System Interactions Historical Perspectives and Clinical Advancements.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Review
- Targeting the Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Digestive Diseases.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Molecular profiling of glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles identifies small nucleolar RNAs as candidate liquid biomarkers for radiation- induced senescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy enhances M1 macrophage immunogenic activity through IFNs induction and stimulation in TP53-wild type tumors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Interferon-Type-I Response and Autophagy Independently Regulate Radiation-Induced HLA-Class-I Molecule Expression in Lung Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Single-Cell Multiomic Profiling Uncovers Radiation Dosage-Sensitive, Cluster-Specific Regulatory Dynamics in Glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Potential prognostic biomarker MIER2 in colon adenocarcinoma: from data mining to validation.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Progress Update on STING Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Targeting cGAS-STING pathway for reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to enhance anti-tumor immunotherapy.Biomarker research · 2025Review
- Article
- Single-cell and bulk transcriptional profiling of mouse ovaries reveals novel genes and pathways associated with DNA damage response in oocytes.Developmental biology · 2025Article
- Shared and specific competing endogenous RNAs network mining in four digestive system tumors.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Degradation of PARP1 by MARCHF3 in tumor cells triggers cCAS-STING activation in dendritic cells to regulate antitumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Increased IFN-β indicates better survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Type I interferon signaling promotes radioresistance in head and neck cancer.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- IFN-Type-I Response and Systemic Immunity in Rectal Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated with Conventional or Hypofractionated Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Single-cell and bulk transcriptional profiling of mouse ovaries reveals novel genes and pathways associated with DNA damage response in oocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Anti-Tumor Immunity and Preoperative Radiovaccination: Emerging New Concepts in the Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImprovement of radiotherapy efficacy requires better insight in the dynamic responses that occur during irradiation. Here, we aimed to identify the molecular responses that are triggered during clinically applied fractionated irradiation.
methodsGene expression analysis was performed by RNAseq or microarray analysis of cancer cells or xenograft tumors, respectively, subjected to 3-5 weeks of 5 × 2 Gy/week. Validation of altered gene expression was performed by qPCR and/or ELISA in multiple cancer cell lines as well as in pre- and on-treatment biopsies from esophageal cancer patients ( NCT02072720 ). Targeted protein inhibition and CRISPR/Cas-induced gene knockout was used to analyze the role of type I interferons and cGAS/STING signaling pathway in the molecular and cellular response to fractionated irradiation.
resultsGene expression analysis identified type I interferon signaling as the most significantly enriched biological process induced during fractionated irradiation. The commonality of this response was confirmed in all irradiated cell lines, the xenograft tumors and in biopsies from esophageal cancer patients. Time-course analyses demonstrated a peak in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression within 2-3 weeks of treatment. The response was accompanied by a variable induction of predominantly interferon-beta and/or -lambda, but blocking these interferons did not affect ISG expression induction. The same was true for targeted inhibition of the upstream regulatory STING protein while knockout of STING expression only delayed the ISG expression induction.
conclusionsCollectively, the presented data show that clinically applied fractionated low-dose irradiation can induce a delayed type I interferon response that occurs independently of interferon expression or STING signaling. These findings have implications for current efforts that aim to target the type I interferon response for cancer treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.