Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33964929›Full record

ReviewRespiratory research2021

Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem.

Raquel Arroyo, Paul S Kingma

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Strategies for cessation of caffeine administration in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and extremely preterm birth: time for a broader perspective on long-term outcomes.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Review
  9. Article
  10. <p>Cigarette smoke combined withMolecular medicine reports · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Lung organoids: a new frontier in neonatology and paediatric respiratory medicine.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Optimal duration of ex vivo lung perfusion for heat stress-mediated therapeutic reconditioning of damaged rat donor lungs.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Raquel ArroyoDivision of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-3928
Paul S KingmaDivision of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. paul.kingma@cchmc.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-8711
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs. SP-D participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response. SP-D has shown an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in different signaling pathways such as the TLR4, decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, and modulating the oxidative metabolism in the lungs. Recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) has been successfully produced mimicking the structure and functions of native SP-D. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments using different animal models have shown that treatment with rhSP-D reduces the lung inflammation originated by different insults, and that rhSP-D could be a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a rare disease for which there is no effective therapy up to date. BPD is a complex disease in preterm infants whose incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. Lung inflammation, which is caused by different prenatal and postnatal factors like infections, lung hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, among others, is the key player in BPD. Exacerbated inflammation causes lung tissue injury that results in a deficient gas exchange in the lungs of preterm infants and frequently leads to long-term chronic lung dysfunction during childhood and adulthood. In addition, low SP-D levels and activity in the first days of life in preterm infants have been correlated with a worse pulmonary outcome in BPD. Thus, SP-D mediated functions in the innate immune response could be critical aspects of the pathogenesis in BPD and SP-D could inhibit lung tissue injury in this preterm population. Therefore, administration of rhSP-D has been proposed as promising therapy that could prevent BPD.

Indexed as

Alveolar Epithelial CellsAnimalsBronchopulmonary DysplasiaHumansInflammation MediatorsLungPulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein DRecombinant ProteinsRespiratory System AgentsSignal TransductionInflammation MediatorsPulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein DRecombinant ProteinsRespiratory System AgentsAlveolar arrestBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)Lung inflammationRecombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D)Surfactant Protein D (SP-D)

Identifiers

PMID33964929
PMCPMC8105703
OpenAlexW3163754597

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.