ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Association of food insecurity with dietary intakes and nutritional biomarkers among US children, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Development of a Total Nutrient Index
Improving Dietary Quality Through Animal Source Protein Accessibility in a Low-Resource Setting
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health outcomes following childhood or adolescent exposure to household food insecurity: a rapid systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Food Insecurity Among Post-Secondary Students in High Income Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current nutrition reports · 2025Pooled it
- Enhanced Metabolic Risks in Patients with Obesity and Nutritional Deficiencies in the U.S.: A TriNetX Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Application of the Total Nutrient Index as a Precision Nutrition Tool to Address Dietary Recommendations Across the Life Course.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2026Article
- Aligning Dietary Intake and Food Purchase Data in United States Older Adults: Insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Circana Consumer Network.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Review of Coping Strategies to Prevent and Mitigate Food Insecurity in Households with Children.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Association between food insecurity and healthy ageing: two population-based studies.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Cumulative adverse social determinants of health and the odds of self-reported rheumatoid arthritis: a national study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Modernization of Nutritional Assessment in Population Surveys: Integrating Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Biomarkers in the Digital Era.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- How Is U.S. Food-Insecurity Related to Dietary Quality? A Scoping Review to Inform Nutrition Security Across the Lifespan.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Consuming Primarily Egg Dishes and Eggs as Ingredients among United States Adolescents Is Associated with Greater Usual Nutrient Intakes Compared with Not Consuming Eggs.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between zinc consumption and chronic diarrhea based on NHANES 2005 to 2010 data.Medicine · 2026Article
- The Association Between Food Insecurity and Adverse Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: An Umbrella Review.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Diet quality of Japanese preschool children assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2020: Nutrient and food group intake, as well as weekday-weekend differences.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Addressing upstream drivers of dyslipidemia: a unified approach to food insecurity.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Dietary Choline Intake and Cognitive Function in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study of the 2011-2014 NHANES Cycle.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between red meat intake and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of US adults (NHANES 2003-2016).The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Household Food Insecurity Is Associated With Higher Adiposity Over Time Among Adolescents in Louisiana.Pediatric obesity · 2026Article
- Nutritional Factors Affecting Magnesium Bioavailability: A Narrative Review.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFood insecurity is associated with poorer nutrient intakes from food sources and lower dietary supplement use. However, its association with total usual nutrient intakes, inclusive of dietary supplements, and biomarkers of nutritional status among US children remains unknown.
objectiveThe objective was to assess total usual nutrient intakes, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores, and nutritional biomarkers by food security status, sex, and age among US children.
methodsCross-sectional data from 9147 children aged 1-18 y from the 2011-2016 NHANES were analyzed. Usual energy and total nutrient intakes and HEI-2015 scores were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method from 24-h dietary recalls.
resultsOverall diet quality was poor, and intakes of sodium, added sugars, and saturated fat were higher than recommended limits, regardless of food security status. Food-insecure girls and boys were at higher risk of inadequate intakes for vitamin D and magnesium, and girls also had higher risk for inadequate calcium intakes compared with their food-secure counterparts, when total intakes were examined. Choline intakes of food-insecure children were less likely to meet the adequate intake than those of their food-secure peers. No differences by food security status were noted for folate, vitamin C, iron, zinc, potassium, and sodium intakes. Food-insecure adolescent girls aged 14-18 y were at higher risk of micronutrient inadequacies than any other subgroup, with 92.8% (SE: 3.6%) at risk of inadequate intakes for vitamin D. No differences in biomarkers for vitamin D, folate, iron, and zinc were observed by food security status. The prevalence of iron deficiency was 12.7% in food-secure and 12.0% in food-insecure adolescent girls.
conclusionsFood insecurity was associated with compromised intake of some micronutrients, especially among adolescent girls. These results highlight a need for targeted interventions to improve children's overall diet quality, including the reduction of specific nutrient inadequacies, especially among food-insecure children. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03400436.
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