ArticleMolecular nutrition & food research2021
Substrate-Driven Differences in Tryptophan Catabolism by Gut Microbiota and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation.
Article in Molecular nutrition & food research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism-First Psychobiotics: Fermented Vegetables, Dairy, and Soy for Depression and Anxiety.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Metabolomics and metagenomics in mice reveal the role of the gut microbiota in tryptophan metabolism.iScience · 2025Article
- Article
- The gut commensalFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance of Tryptophan Metabolism and signaling in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Induction of AHR Signaling in Response to the Indolimine Class of Microbial Stress Metabolites.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Impact of High-Fiber or High-Protein Diet on the Capacity of Human Gut Microbiota To Produce Tryptophan Catabolites.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Article
- Tryptophan Supplementation Increases the Production of Microbial-Derived AhR Agonists in anJournal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2022Article
- Substrate-Driven Differences in Tryptophan Catabolism by Gut Microbiota and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
scopeThis study aims to investigate the effect of tryptophan sources on tryptophan catabolism by gut microbiota and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation. METHODS AND
resultsFour substrates (free tryptophan, soybean protein, single and clustered soybean cells) containing an equimolar amount of tryptophan, but with a different bioaccessibility are studied using in vitro batch fermentation. Tryptophan catabolites are identified by LC-MS/MS. AhR activity is measured by HepG2-Lucia AhR reporter cells. The total amount of tryptophan-derived catabolites increases with decreasing level of substrate complexity. Indole is the major catabolite produced from tryptophan and it is the most abundant in the free tryptophan fermentation. Indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-aldehyde are abundantly generated in the soybean protein fermentation. The soybean cell fermentation produced high concentrations of tryptamine. Interestingly, large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are also found in the soybean cell and protein fermentation. Both tryptophan-derived catabolites and SCFAs are able to increase AhR reporter activity over time in all four groups.
conclusionThis study illustrates that bacterial catabolism of tryptophan and resulting AhR activation in the gut is modulated by the food matrix, suggesting a role for food design to improve gut health.
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