ArticleJournal of medical ultrasonics (2001)2021
Ultrasonographic evaluation of pelvic floor structure at antepartum and postpartum periods using three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound.
Article in Journal of medical ultrasonics (2001), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transperineal ultrasound-based outcomes of postpartum pelvic floor recovery after elective cesarean section versus vaginal delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Pooled it
- A Dual-Task Deep-Learning Model with Fused Ultrasound Images for Simultaneous Typing and Grading of Cystocele.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- [Deep learning models based on fused ultrasound images for the assessment of cystocele in women].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence: Factors and Assessment in a Single-Center Prospective Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Shift from Pro- to Anti-Inflammatory Phase in Pelvic Floor Muscles at Postpartum Matches Histological Signs of Regeneration in Multiparous Rabbits.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Treatment of postpartum depression with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing and electrical stimulation.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Research progress in pelvic floor ultrasound for assessing the morphology and function of levator ani muscle in women.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Application of Transperineal Pelvic Floor Ultrasound in Changes of Pelvic Floor Structure and Function Between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo examine the changes in the pelvic floor structure caused by pregnancy and delivery.
methodsA total of 141 nulliparous women were examined with three-dimensional transperineal ultrasound (3D-TPU) at the 24th and 34th weeks of gestation, 5th day postpartum, and 1 month postpartum. Puborectalis muscle trauma was diagnosed and the area of levator hiatus (ALH) was measured.
resultsOne hundred and five normal vaginal deliveries, 19 vacuum/forceps deliveries, and 17 cesarean deliveries were included. In the normal delivery group, the rate of puborectalis muscle trauma was low and showed no significant change between the 24th and 34th weeks of gestation (12.5% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.42). The rate of trauma significantly increased to 70.2% at the 5th day postpartum (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the rates at the 5th day postpartum and 1 month postpartum (73.7%, p = 0.60). The same trend was found in the vacuum/forceps group. In the cesarean section group, no significant change was observed throughout pregnancy and postpartum periods. In the normal delivery group, ALH significantly increased between the 24th and 34th week (14.1 ± 2.6 cm
conclusionsVaginal childbirth results in enlargement of the levator hiatus. Pelvic floor muscles in pregnant women are affected not only by mechanical damage associated with delivery but also by physiologic changes during pregnancy. The effects of pregnancy and delivery on pelvic floor muscles may persist after delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.