ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Following In Utero HIV Infection Is Associated With Low Viral Reservoirs but Other Factors Determine Viral Rebound.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- VRC01 with antiretroviral initiation in infants is well tolerated, and higher concentrations associate with greater HIV-1 DNA declines.Science translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Point-of-care early infant HIV diagnosis at birth in a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in Mozambique and Tanzania: A comparative cost and cost-effectiveness study.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Impact of Point-of-Care Birth Test-and-Treat on Clinical Outcomes Among Infants With HIV: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Mozambique and Tanzania.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- Article
- Increases in total HIV-1 nucleic acid in whole blood precede plasma RNA rebound during pediatric analytical treatment interruption.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Dynamics of Intact and Defective Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Proviruses During Decades of Suppressive Antiretroviral Treatment in Young Adults With Perinatal HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Identifying correlates of viral rebound timing and viral control in SHIV-infected infant macaques after ART interruption.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Stepping stones to cure in children with HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Article
- High prevalence of low-level viremia among infants initiated on antiretroviral drugs following mother-to-child transmission of HIV.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- SIV Env RhmAbs + N-803 at ART initiation prolongs viral decay without disrupting reservoir establishment in SIV-infected infant macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Optimising Paediatric HIV Treatment: Recent Developments and Future Directions.Paediatric drugs · 2024Review
- Sustained aviremia despite anti-retroviral therapy non-adherence in male children after in utero HIV transmission.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Analytical treatment interruption in children living with HIV: position statement from the EPIICAL consortium.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- Hepatitis B Virus Prevalence and Mother-to-Child Transmission Risk in an HIV Early Intervention Cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Significance of initiating antiretroviral therapy in the early stage of HIV infection.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Role of Early Life Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Immunity in Paediatric HIV Cure/Remission in the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Understanding Viral and Immune Interplay During Vertical Transmission of HIV: Implications for Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly HIV diagnosis allows combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation in the first days of life following in utero (IU) infection. The impact of early cART initiation on infant viral reservoir size in the setting of high-frequency cART nonadherence is unknown.
methodsPeripheral blood total HIV DNA from 164 early treated (day 0-21 of life) IU HIV-infected South African infants was measured using droplet digital PCR at birth and following suppressive cART. We evaluated the impact of cART initiation timing on HIV reservoir size and decay, and on the risk of subsequent plasma viremia in cART-suppressed infants.
resultsBaseline HIV DNA (median 2.8 log10 copies/million peripheral blood mononuclear cells, range 0.7-4.8) did not correlate with age at cART initiation (0-21 days) but instead with maternal antenatal cART use. In 98 infants with plasma viral suppression on cART, HIV DNA half-life was 28 days. However, the probability of maintenance of plasma aviremia was low (0.46 at 12 months) and not influenced by HIV DNA load. Unexpectedly, longer time to viral suppression was associated with protection against subsequent viral rebound.
conclusionsWith effective prophylaxis against mother-to-child transmission, cART initiation timing in the first 3 weeks of life is not critical to reservoir size.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.