ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
The association of maternal gestational hyperglycemia with breastfeeding duration and markers of milk production.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01174875 (Developmental Pathways to Health and Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developmental Pathways to Health and Disease: Metabolic, Neurodevelopmental and Related Outcomes
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Initial Glucose Tolerance Test Response on Pregnancy Outcomes in Type A1 Gestational Diabetes.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Review
- Explaining the experience of breastfeeding in women with gestational diabetes and designing and implementing an educational program based on planned behavior theory: a combined exploratory study protocol.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Delayed secretory activation and low milk production in women with gestational diabetes: a case series.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies focusing on the association between gestational diabetes and breastfeeding duration have been inconclusive.
objectivesWe aimed to determine whether maternal gestational hyperglycemia is associated with the duration of breastfeeding and the concentrations of markers linked to breastmilk production.
methodsData from the prospective, multiethnic Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes study were used to assess the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postglucose challenge (2hPG) measured at 26-28 wk of gestation with duration of breastfeeding and concentrations of protein, lactose, citrate, sodium, potassium, and zinc in breastmilk 3 wk postpartum.
resultsOf the 1035 participants, 5.2% and 9.5% had elevated FPG and 2hPG, respectively, consistent with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus based on International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L was associated with a crude reduction in median breastfeeding duration of 2.3 mo. In a model adjusted for maternal prepregnancy BMI and intention to breastfeed, FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L predicted earlier termination of any breastfeeding (adjusted HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.08) but not full breastfeeding (adjusted HR: 1.08; 0.76, 1.55). 2hPG ≥8.5 mmol/L was not significantly associated with the durations of any (adjusted HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.19) or full (adjusted HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.18) breastfeeding. Maternal FPG was significantly and positively associated with breastmilk sodium (adjusted coefficient: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.51) and sodium-to-potassium ratio (adjusted coefficient: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.54) but not with other measured breastmilk components.
conclusionsWomen with FPG ≥5.1 mmol/L during pregnancy breastfeed for a shorter duration. Future work involving measurement of milk production is needed to determine whether low milk production predicts breastfeeding duration among women with elevated FPG. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.