ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2021
Bilingualism, assessment language, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Mexican Americans.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03403257 (Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi--Cognitive), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi--Cognitive (BASIC-Cognitive)
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recruitment Mode Selectivity and Interview Mode Measurement Effects in a Population-Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2026Article
- Measurement differences in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol across ethnicity and language in the United States.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Language dominance effects on verbal list memory in older Spanish-English bilinguals.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Population Attributable Fraction for Cognitive Impairment in Mexican American Older Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The impact of cross-language co-activation of cognates on bilingual performance on the reading span task.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- The Association Between Bilingual Animal Naming and Memory Among Bilingual Mexican American Older Adults.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2025Article
- Ethnic disparities in care needs among individuals with cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Ethnic Differences in the Association Between Cognitive Performance and Informant-rated Cognitive Decline.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Language, literacy, and sensory impairments and missing cognitive test scores in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- A Community-Based Study of Dementia in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic White Individuals.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- Article
- Neuropsychological Assessment of Older Adults in Nepal for Population-Based Dementia Ascertainment: Needs, Challenges, and Opportunities.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Differential Impact of Stroke on Cognitive Impairment in Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic White Americans.Stroke · 2022Article
- Neighborhood SES and Cognitive Function Among Hispanic/Latinx Residents: Why Where You Live Matters.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Bilingual neurocognitive resiliency, vulnerability, and Alzheimer's disease biomarker correlates in Latino older adults enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain Study - Health Disparities (HABS-HD).Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAssessment of cognition in linguistically diverse aging populations is a growing need. Bilingualism may complicate cognitive measurement precision, and bilingualism may vary across Hispanic/Latinx sub-populations. We examined the association among bilingualism, assessment language, and cognitive screening performance in a primarily non-immigrant Mexican American community.
designProspective, community-based cohort study: The Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi (BASIC)-Cognitive study.
settingNueces County, Texas.
participantsCommunity-dwelling Mexican Americans age 65+, recruited door-to-door using a two-stage area probability sampling procedure. MEASUREMENTS: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); self-reported bilingualism scale. Participants were classified as monolingual, Spanish dominant bilingual, English dominant bilingual, or balanced bilingual based upon bilingualism scale responses. Linear regressions examined relationships among bilingualism, demographics, cognitive assessment language, and MoCA scores.
resultsThe analytic sample included 547 Mexican American participants (60% female). Fifty-eight percent were classified as balanced bilingual, the majority (88.6%) of whom selected assessment in English. Balanced bilinguals that completed the MoCA in English performed better than balanced bilinguals that completed the MoCA in Spanish (b = -4.0, p < 0.05). Among balanced bilinguals that took the MoCA in Spanish, education outside of the United States was associated with better performance (b = 4.4, p < 0.001). Adjusting for demographics and education, we found no association between the degree of bilingualism and MoCA performance (p's > 0.10).
conclusionBilingualism is important to consider in cognitive aging studies in linguistically diverse communities. Future research should examine whether cognitive test language selection affects cognitive measurement precision in balanced bilinguals.
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