SynthesisEndocrine2021
Nonfunctional adrenal adenomas and impaired glucose metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Endocrine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters in "Nonfunctioning" Adrenal Incidentalomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Metabolic complications and clinical outcomes of non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic comorbidities and cardiovascular events in "non-functioning" adrenal incidentalomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Lowering the dexamethasone suppression test cut-off: is it time yet?Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Estimation of cortisol exposure in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence and Incidence of Dementia in Patients With Non-Overtly Functional Adrenal Tumours.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Relationship of obesity, body fat, benign adrenal tumors and the mediating mechanism: a two-step mendelian randomization study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Editorial: Recent advances in secondary diabetes and glucose intolerance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The importance of using the oral glucose tolerance test when assessing the glycemic profile in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- The Influence of Remnant Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality in Patients with Non-Functional Adrenal Incidentalomas and Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Impact of adrenalectomy on hypertension in patients with nonfunctional adrenal tumors: a retrospective study.World journal of urology · 2024Article
- Diabetes Mellitus in Non-Functioning Adrenal Incidentalomas: Analysis of the Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) Impact on Glucose Profile.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- New insights into healthy ageing, inflammageing and frailty using metabolomics.Frontiers in aging · 2024Review
- Triglyceride-glucose index in patients with non-functioning adrenal incidentaloma, cortisol-secreting adrenal incidentaloma and healthy controls.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and Management of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- A combined encoder-transformer-decoder network for volumetric segmentation of adrenal tumors.Biomedical engineering online · 2023Article
- Mortality Not Increased in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Adenomas: A Matched Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeEvidence on nonfunctioning adrenal incidentaloma's (NFAI) associated comorbidities and in particular, glucose disorders, is unclear in contrast to adrenal tumors with mild autonomous cortisol secretion. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the burden of impaired glucose metabolism including diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and fasting blood insulin (FBI) levels in patients with NFAI and 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ODST) ≤ 1.8 μg/dl across published studies.
methodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases for identifying studies published between 1956 and March 2021. Twenty-five studies met the selection criteria including prospective, retrospective, and case-control studies. Two reviewers independently extracted studies, participants' characteristics and outcome data in a total pooled sample of 1548 patients.
resultsPatients with NFAI had twofold [(odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 2.03 (1.39-2.98)] increased odds to present T2DM as well as higher FBG [weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI): 3.85 (1.96-5.74)] and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) [WMD (95% CI): 0.68 (0.23-1.12)] with respect to controls. On the contrary, the WMD of FBI levels did not differ between the two groups. The incidence of T2DM in a subgroup analysis of patients with NFAI without glucose disorders at baseline was 6% [pooled incidence (95% CI): 0.06 (0.04-0.09)].
conclusionsPatients with NFAI and 1-mg ODST ≤ 1.8 μg/dl presented higher odds of T2DM and higher levels of FBG and HOMA index than healthy controls.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.