Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33963182›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Co-evolution of tumor and immune cells during progression of multiple myeloma.

Ruiyang Liu, Qingsong Gao, Steven M Foltz, Jared S Fowles, Lijun Yao, Julia Tianjiao Wang, Song Cao, Hua Sun, Michael C Wendl, Sunantha Sethuraman and 19 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
16.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rethinking immune studies: population-level immune variations and the path forward.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026
    Pooled it
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  6. Emerging roles of RNA mInternational journal of oncology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
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  13. Review
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  15. Cross-modal fusion of cytomorphology andFrontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ruiyang Liu *Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Qingsong Gao *Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9930-8499
Steven M Foltz *Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9526-8194
Jared S FowlesDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Lijun YaoDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Julia Tianjiao WangDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2233-8841
Song CaoDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Hua SunDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Michael C WendlMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Sunantha SethuramanDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Amila WeerasingheDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3568-5823
Michael P RettigDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1091-0564
Erik P StorrsDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Christopher J YoonDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Matthew A WyczalkowskiDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4197-551X
Joshua F McMichaelDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0197-2245
Daniel R KohnenDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Justin KingDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Scott R GoldsmithDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Julie O'NealDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Robert S FultonMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Catrina C FronickMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Timothy J LeyDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9913-0520
Reyka G JayasingheDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Mark A FialaDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0208-5023
Stephen T OhDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8564-5400
John F DiPersioDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0429-3133
Ravi VijDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. rvij@wustl.edu.
Li DingDepartment of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. lding@wustl.edu.
James S. McDonnell Foundation · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN · 2001 to 2026
$128.0M
Specimen Acquistition and Expression ProfilingP01CA101937 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI LEY, TIMOTHY J. · 2003 to 2023
$58.8M
Molecular Pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid LeukemiaR35CA197561 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Timothy J. Ley · 2015 to 2026
$11.0M
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY HUMAN TUMOR ATLAS RESEARCH CENTERU2CCA233303 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DING, LI · 2018 to 2023
$9.7M
Deep Discovery and Clinical Interpretation of Germline and Somatic Cancer DriversU24CA211006 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DING, LI, GOVINDAN, RAMASWAMY · 2016 to 2020
$1.8M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA101937NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NCI NIH HHS R35 CA197561NCI NIH HHS U24 CA211006NCI NIH HHS U2C CA233303
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells. Despite recent treatment advances, it is still incurable as disease progression is not fully understood. To investigate MM and its immune environment, we apply single cell RNA and linked-read whole genome sequencing to profile 29 longitudinal samples at different disease stages from 14 patients. Here, we collect 17,267 plasma cells and 57,719 immune cells, discovering patient-specific plasma cell profiles and immune cell expression changes. Patients with the same genetic alterations tend to have both plasma cells and immune cells clustered together. By integrating bulk genomics and single cell mapping, we track plasma cell subpopulations across disease stages and find three patterns: stability (from precancer to diagnosis), and gain or loss (from diagnosis to relapse). In multiple patients, we detect "B cell-featured" plasma cell subpopulations that cluster closely with B cells, implicating their cell of origin. We validate AP-1 complex differential expression (JUN and FOS) in plasma cell subpopulations using CyTOF-based protein assays, and integrated analysis of single-cell RNA and CyTOF data reveals AP-1 downstream targets (IL6 and IL1B) potentially leading to inflammation regulation. Our work represents a longitudinal investigation for tumor and microenvironment during MM progression and paves the way for expanding treatment options.

Indexed as

AgedB-LymphocytesCell LineageClonal EvolutionCohort StudiesDisease ProgressionFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHaplotypesHumansInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6MaleMass SpectrometryMiddle AgedMultigene FamilyFOS protein, humanIL1B protein, humanIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-1betaInterleukin-6JUN protein, humanProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosProto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun

Identifiers

PMID33963182
PMCPMC8105337
OpenAlexW3158477759

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.