Trial reportVaccine2021
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NDV-3A against Staphylococcus aureus colonization: A phase 2 vaccine trial among US Army Infantry trainees.
Trial report in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress on T-cell responses inFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The evolving landscape ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Safety, Efficacy, and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Adjuvanted Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Adults With Recent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: An Observer-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multinational Phase 1/2 Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of a 4-Antigen Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Spinal Surgery: The STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy (STRIVE) Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- "Just the Best Ones" combination: a new strategy for multi-epitope vaccine candidate based on immunoinformatics analysis to induce protective immunity against MRSA infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Review
- Methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: tolerance, immune evasion and treatment.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- The Central Importance of Vaccines to Mitigate the Threat of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens.Vaccines · 2025Review
- From High Protection to Lethal Effect: Diverse Outcomes of Immunization Against Invasive Candidiasis with DifferentInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prevent healthcare-associated bacterial infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Anti-Heliyon · 2024Article
- Reverse development of vaccines against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- Profiling of serum factors associated withFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune responses elicited by ssRNA(-) oncolytic viruses in the host and in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of cancer metastasis and treatment · 2023Article
- Article
- Vaccines against candidiasis: Status, challenges and emerging opportunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMilitary trainees are at increased risk for Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection. Disease prevention strategies are needed, but a S. aureus vaccine does not currently exist.
methodsWe enrolled US Army Infantry trainees (Fort Benning, GA) in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NDV-3A, a vaccine containing a recombinant adhesin/invasion protein of Candida albicans that has structural similarity to the S. aureus protein clumping factor A. Study participants received one intramuscular dose of NDV-3A or placebo (adjuvant alone) within 72 h of arrival on base. Longitudinal nasal and oral (throat) swabs were collected throughout the 14-week Infantry training cycle. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NDV-3A against S. aureus nasal / oral acquisition were the endpoints.
resultsThe NDV-3A candidate had minimal reactogenicity and elicited robust antigen-specific B- and T-cell responses. During the 56-day post-vaccination period, there was no difference in the incidence of S. aureus nasal acquisition between those who were randomized to receive NDV-3A vs. placebo (25.6% vs. 29.1%; vaccine efficacy [VE]: 12.1%; p = 0.31). In time-to-event analysis, there was no difference between study groups with respect to the S. aureus colonization-free interval (VE: 13%; p = 0.29). Similarly, the efficacy of NDV-3A against S. aureus oral acquisition was poor (VE: 2.4%; p = 0.52).
conclusionsA single dose of NDV-3A did not prevent nasal nor oral acquisition of S. aureus in a population of military trainees at high risk for colonization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.