ArticleParasites & vectors2021
West Nile and Usutu viruses co-circulation in central Italy: outcomes of the 2018 integrated surveillance.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated vector and arbovirus surveillance in Cyprus: first reports of Usutu virus and Culex pipiens bioform diversity highlight potential for zoonotic arbovirus transmission.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus in Europe: Epidemiology, Vector Ecology, Environmental Drivers, and the Role of Equine Sentinel Surveillance in a One Health Framework.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sickened by the Weather: Exploring the Climatic Impact on West Nile Virus (WNV) andInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Monitoring vector-borne diseases: A study in Italy and Greece.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence of Usutu virus in Southern Italy: phylogenetic profiling of potential introduction and dissemination routes.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Blood donor West Nile virus screening identifies three autochthonous Usutu virus infections in Spain.Transfusion · 2026Article
- One Health Approach in the Era of Emerging Viruses: The Challenge of Usutu Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cross-protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus by West Nile virus convalescent plasma.Virology · 2025Article
- Integrated One Health Surveillance of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in the Veneto Region, Northeastern Italy, from 2022 to 2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Protocols for DNA Extraction from IndividualMethods and protocols · 2024Article
- Accelerating targeted mosquito control efforts through mobile West Nile virus detection.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Belgian Culex pipiens pipiens are competent vectors for West Nile virus while Culex modestus are competent vectors for Usutu virus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Epidemiology, surveillance and diagnosis of Usutu virus infection in the EU/EEA, 2012 to 2021.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Review
- Review
- West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus: A Post-Mortem Monitoring Study in Wild Birds from Rescue Centers, Central Italy.Viruses · 2022Article
- One Health surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses: a repeated cross-sectional study exploring seroprevalence and endemicity in Southern France, 2016 to 2020.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Equine West Nile Virus Infections in Eastern Germany, 2020.Viruses · 2022Article
- Expedited retrieval of high-quality Usutu virus genomesFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWest Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) are emerging vector-borne zoonotic flaviviruses. They are antigenically very similar, sharing the same life cycle with birds as amplification host, Culicidae as vector, and man/horse as dead-end host. They can co-circulate in an overlapping geographic range. In Europe, surveillance plans annually detect several outbreaks.
methodsIn Italy, a WNV/USUV surveillance plan is in place through passive and active surveillance. After a 2018 WNV outbreak, a reinforced integrated risk-based surveillance was performed in four municipalities through clinical and serological surveillance in horses, Culicidae catches, and testing on human blood-based products for transfusion.
resultsEight WNV cases in eight equine holdings were detected. Twenty-three mosquitoe catches were performed and 2367 specimens of Culex pipiens caught; 17 pools were USUV positive. A total of 8889 human blood donations were tested, and two asymptomatic donors were USUV positive.
conclusionsDifferent surveillance components simultaneously detected WNV only in horses and USUV only in humans and mosquitoes. While in endemic areas (i.e. northern Italy) entomological surveillance is successfully used as an early detection warning, this method in central Italy seems ineffective. To achieve a high level of sensitivity, the entomological trapping effort should probably exceed a reasonable balance between cost and performance. Besides, WNV/USUV early detection can be addressed by horses and birds. Further research is needed to adapt the surveillance components in different epidemiological contexts.
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