ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Migration-associated malaria from Africa in southern Spain.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accessibility to antimalarials in Spanish hospitals: analysis of a national survey.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Imported Malaria and Congenital Acquisition in Infant, Portugal, 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pre-hospital time delays in imported malaria diagnosis in hospitalized sub-Saharan travelers and migrants: not only on the patient's shoulders.Infection · 2025Observational
- Contribution of Travelers toJMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Imported malaria in a non-endemic country: sixteen years of cases in a hospital in the South of Madrid, Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and molecular identification ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Knowledge and awareness on vector-borne diseases: a pending subject for the Spanish society?Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2024Article
- Molecular detection of sub-microscopic infections and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 and 3 gene deletions in pre-elimination settings of South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Estimation of parasitaemia in imported falciparum malaria using the results of a combined rapid diagnostic test. No big help from haematological parameters.Malaria journal · 2023Observational
- Malaria beyond its predominant endemic regions: Emerging threat or sporadic events?Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe western area of the province of Almeria, sited in southern Spain, has one of the highest immigrant population rates in Spain, mainly dedicated to agricultural work. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of cases of imported malaria associated with migrants from countries belonging to sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and analytical characteristics of malaria patients treated in a specialized tropical unit, paying special attention to the differences between VFR and non-VFR migrants and also to the peculiarities of microscopic malaria cases compared to submicroscopic ones.
methodsRetrospective observational study of migrants over 14 years of age with imported malaria treated from October 2004 to May 2019. Characteristics of VFR and non-VFR migrants were compared. Malaria cases were divided into microscopic malaria (MM) and submicroscopic malaria (SMM). SMM was defined as the presence of a positive malaria PCR test together with a negative direct microscopic examination and a negative rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Microscopic malaria was defined as the presence of a positive RDT and/or a positive smear examination.
resultsThree hundred thirty-six cases of malaria were diagnosed, 329 in sub-Saharan immigrants. Of these, 78.1% were VFR migrants, in whom MM predominated (85.2% of cases). In non-VFR migrants, SMM represented 72.2% of the cases. Overall, 239 (72.6%) patients presented MM and 90 (27.4%) SMM. Fever was the most frequent clinical manifestation (64.4%), mainly in the MM group (MM: 81.1% vs SMM: 20.0%; p < 0.01). The most frequent species was P. falciparum. Patients with SMM presented fewer cytopenias and a greater number of coinfections due to soil-transmitted helminths, filarial and intestinal protozoa compared to patients with MM.
conclusionsImported malaria in our area is closely related to sub-Saharan migration. VFR migrants are the main risk group, highlighting the need for actions aimed at improving disease prevention measures. On the other hand, almost a third of the cases are due to SMM. This fact could justify its systematic screening, at least for those travelers at greater risk.
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