Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33962320›Full record

Trial reportSocial science & medicine (1982)2021

Straight-sided beer and cider glasses to reduce alcohol sales for on-site consumption: A randomised crossover trial in bars.

Laura A Brocklebank, Anna K M Blackwell, Theresa M Marteau, Gareth J Hollands, Paul C Fletcher, Katie De-Loyde, Richard W Morris, Mark A Pilling, Rachel Pechey, Olivia M Maynard and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Social science & medicine (1982), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
0.4field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Laura A BrocklebankSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. Electronic address: l.brocklebank@ucl.ac.uk.
Anna K M BlackwellSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
Theresa M MarteauBehaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Gareth J HollandsBehaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Paul C FletcherDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Clifford Allbut Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Katie De-LoydeSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
Richard W MorrisDepartment of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Mark A PillingBehaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
Rachel PecheyNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
Olivia M MaynardSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
Angela S AttwoodSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
Marcus R MunafòSchool of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK. Electronic address: marcus.munafo@bristol.ac.uk.
University of Bristol · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust · GBUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 206368/Z/17/ZWellcome Trust 206853/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStraight-sided glasses can slow the rate of lager consumption in a laboratory setting compared with curved glasses. Slower drinking rates may lower overall alcohol consumption. Glass shape is therefore a potential target for intervention. The aim of this randomised crossover trial was to estimate the impact of serving draught beer and cider in straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, on alcohol sales for on-site consumption in bars.

methodsTwenty-four bars in England completed two intervention periods (A) and two control periods (B) in a randomised order: 1) BABA; 2) BAAB; 3) ABBA; or 4) ABAB. Each period lasted two weeks and involved serving draught beer and cider in either straight-sided glasses (A) or the venue's usual glasses (≥75% curved; B). The primary outcome was the mean volume (in litres) of draught beer and cider sold weekly, compared between A and B periods using a paired-samples t-test on aggregate data. A regression model adjusted for season, order, special events, and busyness.

findingsMean weekly volume sales of draught beer and cider was 690·9 L (SD 491·3 L) across A periods and 732·5 L (SD 501·0 L) across B periods. The adjusted mean difference (A minus B) was 8·9 L per week (95% CI -45·5 to 63·3; p = 0·737).

interpretationThis study provides no clear evidence that using straight-sided glasses, compared with usual, predominantly curved glasses, reduces the volume of draught beer and cider sold for on-site consumption in bars.

Indexed as

Alcoholic BeveragesBeerAlcohol DrinkingCommerceCross-Over StudiesEnglandHumansAlcohol consumptionChoice architectureGlass shapeNudging

Identifiers

PMID33962320
PMCPMC8146727
OpenAlexW3154218271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.