ReviewMolecular metabolism2021
Insulin-like growth factors: Ligands, binding proteins, and receptors.
Review in Molecular metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 175 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
175 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Insulin-like Growth Factor Family as a Potential Peripheral Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- IGF-1 and IGF-2 as Molecules Linked to Causes and Consequences of Obesity from Fetal Life to Adulthood: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Enhancement of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Reduction of Inflammation in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial ComparingNutrients · 2025Trial
- Molecular interplay of insulin resistance and cancer: advances in monoclonal antibody therapeutics.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Understanding physiological adaptations of pregnancy to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude to inform obstetrical and neonatal care.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Iron and Other Metal Ions in Human Health and Disease.MedComm · 2026Review
- Rewiring the tumor microenvironment: IGFBP2 at the Nexus of remodeling and therapy resistance?Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2026Review
- Insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in physiology and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Modulation of the bone marrow microenvironment by acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia-derived large oncosomes.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-specific ablation of MHC-I antigen presentation via the IGF2 axis cripples CD8Science advances · 2026Article
- Effects of IGF1 and GnRH on gonadotropin subunits in the pituitary cells of the Indian freshwater catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch).Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Article
- Pan-filovirus activity of an IGF2-fused monoclonal antibody: Impairment by IGF1R cross-engagement and rescue via IGF2 Y27L mutation.Virus research · 2026Article
- Efficient in vivo removal of solubility tag to improve the bacterial production of soluble, bioactive human IGF-1.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Quercetin targets IGF1 signaling in gastric cancer: a synergy of network pharmacology, molecular simulations, and in vitro functional assays.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Article
- Potentials of BMSCs for regulating osteogenic-vascular-neural-lymphatic coupling in bone regeneration.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Article
- Effects of IGFBP4 deficiency on human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation through the IGF1R/AKT pathway.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Adiposity and cancer: epidemiology, mechanisms and future perspectives.Nature metabolism · 2026Review
- Evidence for a Potential Context-Dependent Dual Role of Eb Peptide of IGF-1Eb in Cancer Cell Survival and Adaptation to UV Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- An engineered insulin analog with dual insulin and IGF-1 receptor agonism and distinct signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
115 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe insulin-like growth factor family of ligands (IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin), receptors (IGF-IR, M6P/IGF-IIR, and insulin receptor [IR]), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP-1-6) play critical roles in normal human physiology and disease states. SCOPE OF REVIEW: Insulin and insulin receptors are the focus of other chapters in this series and will therefore not be discussed further. Here we review the basic components of the IGF system, their role in normal physiology and in critical pathology's. While this review concentrates on the role of IGFs in human physiology, animal models have been essential in providing understanding of the IGF system, and its regulation, and are briefly described. MAJOR
conclusionsIGF-I has effects via the circulation and locally within tissues to regulate cellular growth, differentiation, and survival, thereby controlling overall body growth. IGF-II levels are highest prenatally when it has important effects on growth. In adults, IGF-II plays important tissue-specific roles, including the maintenance of stem cell populations. Although the IGF-IR is closely related to the IR it has distinct physiological roles both on the cell surface and in the nucleus. The M6P/IGF-IIR, in contrast, is distinct and acts as a scavenger by mediating internalization and degradation of IGF-II. The IGFBPs bind IGF-I and IGF-II in the circulation to prolong their half-lives and modulate tissue access, thereby controlling IGF function. IGFBPs also have IGF ligand-independent cell effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.