ArticlePloS one2021
Increased risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of non-communicable diseases among household contacts of people with tuberculosis: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Pooled it
- A Comparison of Mechanisms Driving Lesion Outcomes During Lung Tumor and Tuberculosis Granuloma Formation.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis Preceding Lung Cancer: A Contemporary Meta-Analysis Revealing a Critical Gap in Post-2020 Evidence.Cancers · 2026Review
- In Silico Evaluation of Quinolone-Triazole and Conazole-Triazole Hybrids as Promising Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- New Vistas inCancers · 2025Article
- Microbial biomarker development for detection and prognosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2025Review
- Advancing the fight against tuberculosis: integrating innovation and public health in diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, and implementation science.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Where lung cancer and tuberculosis intersect: recent advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Tuberculosis Diagnosis: Current, Ongoing, and Future Approaches.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring the lung microbiome's role in disease.Nature · 2024Article
- Plants from Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases: A Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Dark under the Lamp: Neglected Biological Pollutants in the Environment Are Closely Linked to Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effect of a prior thyroid cancer on the survival of lung cancer patients: a retrospective study based on SEER database.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and whole genome sequencing identify potential lung cancer biomarkers.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Lung microbiota: implications and interactions in chronic pulmonary diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- MDSCs use a complex molecular network to suppress T-cell immunity in a pulmonary model of fungal infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- A Novel Finding: 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol from Streptomyces bacillaris ANS2 Effective Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cancer Cell Lines.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2023Article
- New progress of tuberculosis scar carcinoma.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2023Review
- Coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma: A significant problem in tuberculosis-endemic country?Narra J · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) presents a global threat in the world and the lung is the frequent site of metastatic focus. A previous study demonstrated that TB might increase primary lung cancer risk by two-fold for more than 20 years after the TB diagnosis. However, no large-scale study has evaluated the risk of TB and secondary lung cancer. Thus, we evaluated the risk of secondary lung cancer in patients with or without tuberculosis (TB) using a nationwide population-based dataset.
methodsIn a cohort study of 1,936,512 individuals, we selected 6934 patients among patients with primary cancer and TB infection, based on the International Classification of Disease (ICD-p-CM) codes 010-011 from 2000 to 2015. The control cohort comprised 13,868 randomly selected, propensity-matched patients (by age, gender, and index date) without TB exposure. Using this adjusted date, a possible association between TB and the risk of developing secondary lung cancer was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
resultsDuring the follow-up period, secondary lung cancer was diagnosed in 761 (10.97%) patients with TB and 1263 (9.11%) patients without TB. After adjusting for covariates, the risk of secondary lung cancer was 1.67 times greater among primary cancer in the cohort with TB than in the cohort without TB. Stratification revealed that every comorbidity (including diabetes, hypertension, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, cardiovascular accident, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) significantly increased the risk of secondary lung cancer when comparing the TB cohort with the non-TB cohort. Moreover, the primary cancer types (including head and neck, colorectal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, breast, kidney, and thyroid cancer) had a more significant risk of becoming secondary lung cancer.
conclusionA significant association exists between TB and the subsequent risk for metastasis among primary cancers and comorbidities. Therefore, TB patients should be evaluated for the subsequent risk of secondary lung cancer.
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