ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2021
Impact of beta-2 microglobulin expression on the survival of glioma patients via modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNA Expression Signatures in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review of Tumour Biology and Therapeutic Targets.Oncology research · 2025Pooled it
- Drug repositioning for immunotherapy in breast cancer using single-cell analysis.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of molecular and clinical variables on survival outcome with immunotherapy for glioblastoma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immunomodulators for Cancer Immunotherapy: Insights Into Resistance and Therapeutic Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Risk Assessment of Non-Urinary Tract Recurrence After Radical Nephroureterectomy Based on CheckMate 274 Trial Eligibility: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Article
- Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Within and beyond the tumor: Mechanisms of glioblastoma-induced immunosuppression.Neuro-oncology advances · 2025Review
- Immune intrinsic escape signature stratifies prognosis, characterizes the tumor immune microenvironment, and identifies tumorigenic PPP1R8 in glioblastoma multiforme patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- DeepPIG: deep neural network architecture with pairwise connected layers and stochastic gates using knockoff frameworks for feature selection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis and treatment of glioblastoma-an update on the state of the art and future perspectives.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Serum beta2-microglobulin acts as a biomarker for severity and prognosis in glioma patients: a preliminary clinical study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- The Role of Beta2-Microglobulin in Central Nervous System Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- CD8Nature cancer · 2023Article
- CD8Nature cancer · 2023Article
- The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The prevalence of IgG antibodies against milk and milk antigens in patients with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A novel chemokine-based signature for prediction of prognosis and therapeutic response in glioma.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Palmitoyl transferases act as potential regulators of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and glioma progression.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsHigh immune cell infiltration in gliomas establishes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which in turn promotes resistance to immunotherapy. Hence, it is important to identify novel targets associated with high immune cell infiltration in gliomas. Our previous study showed that serum levels of beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) in lower-grade glioma patients were lower than those in glioblastoma patients. In the present study, we focused on exploring the roles of B2M in glioma immune infiltration.
methodsA large cohort of patients with gliomas from the TCGA, CGGA, and Gravendeel databases was included to explore differential expression patterns and potential roles of B2M in gliomas. A total of 103 glioma tissue samples were collected to determine the distributions of B2M protein levels by immunofluorescent assays. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and meta-analysis were used for survival analysis. GO(Gene-ontology) enrichment analysis, co-expression analysis, KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis, and immune infiltration analysis were performed to explore roles and related mechanisms of B2M in glioma.
resultsWe found that both B2M mRNA and protein levels were abnormally upregulated in glioma samples compared with those from normal brain tissue. B2M expression was correlated with tumor grade and was downregulated in IDH1 mutant samples. Furthermore, B2M was a moderately sensitive indicator for predicting the mesenchymal molecular subtype of gliomas. Interestingly, glioma patients with lower B2M expression had remarkably longer survival times than those with higher B2M expression. Moreover, meta-analysis showed that B2M was an independent predictive marker in glioma patients. The results of GO enrichment analysis revealed that B2M contributed to immune cell infiltration in glioma patients. In addition, results of KEGG pathway analysis and co-expression analysis suggested that B2M may mediate glioma immune infiltration via chemokines.
conclusionsWe conclude that B2M levels are critical for the survival times of glioma patients, at least in part due to mediating high immune infiltration.
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