ArticleThe New phytologist2021
Fol-milR1, a pathogenicity factor of Fusarium oxysporum, confers tomato wilt disease resistance by impairing host immune responses.
Article in The New phytologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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59 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Fungal Argonaute proteins act in bidirectional cross-kingdom RNA interference during plant infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Trans-Kingdom RNA Dialogues: miRNA and milRNA Networks as Biotechnological Tools for Sustainable Crop Defense and Pathogen Control.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A virulent milRNA ofHorticulture research · 2025Article
- The Silent Conversation: How Small RNAs Shape Plant-Microbe Relationships.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of Nutrient Stress on Plant Disease Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- Mobile RNAs as systemic signaling beyond boundaries for plant stress resistance.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Global Analysis of microRNA-like RNAs Reveals Differential Regulation of Pathogenicity and Development inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Interkingdom Communication via Extracellular Vesicles: Unraveling Plant and Pathogen Interactions and Its Potential for Next-Generation Crop Protection.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Plant PR1 rescues condensation of the plastid iron-sulfur protein by a fungal effector.Nature plants · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although it is well known that miRNAs play crucial roles in multiple biological processes, there is currently no evidence indicating that milRNAs from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) interfere with tomato resistance during infection. Here, using sRNA-seq, we demonstrate that Fol-milR1, a trans-kingdom small RNA, is exported into tomato cells after infection. The knockout strain ∆Fol-milR1 displays attenuated pathogenicity to the susceptible tomato cultivar 'Moneymaker'. On the other hand, Fol-milR1 overexpression strains exhibit enhanced virulence against the resistant cultivar 'Motelle'. Several tomato mRNAs are predicted targets of Fol-milR1. Among these genes, Solyc06g007430 (encoding the CBL-interacting protein kinase, SlyFRG4) is regulated at the posttranscriptional level by Fol-milR1. Furthermore, SlyFRG4 loss-of-function alleles created using CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato ('Motelle') exhibit enhanced disease susceptibility to Fol, further supporting the idea that SlyFRG4 is essential for tomato wilt disease resistance. Notably, our results using immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum suggest that Fol-milR1 interferes with the host immunity machinery by binding to tomato ARGONAUTE 4a (SlyAGO4a). Furthermore, virus-induced gene silenced (VIGS) knock-down SlyAGO4a plants exhibit reduced susceptibility to Fol. Together, our findings support a model in which Fol-milR1 is an sRNA fungal effector that suppresses host immunity by silencing a disease resistance gene, thus providing a novel virulence strategy to achieve infection.
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