SynthesisJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2021
Objective measurements for upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence: what are we measuring? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Robin Sequence: From Dilemmas to Developing an Adaptable Standardized Stepwise Approach.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Pooled it
- Respiratory indices during sleep in healthy infants: A prospective longitudinal study and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pulse oximetry in infants with Robin sequence.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Feasibility of High-Resolution Oximeter Plus Actigraphy Combined with a Cloud-Based Algorithm for the Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Craniofacial Anomalies.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Nonsurgical improvement of severe upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence and cleft palate using Stanford orthodontic airway plate treatment.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and Early Management of Robin Sequence.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Respiratory outcomes after cleft palate closure in Robin sequence: a retrospective study.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Spectrum of Disease in Hospitalized Newborns with Congenital Micrognathia: A Cohort of 3,236 Infants at North American Tertiary-Care Intensive Care Units.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Non-Surgical Respiratory Management in Relation to Feeding and Growth in Patients with Robin Sequence; a Prospective Longitudinal Study.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2023Article
- Differences in analysis and treatment of upper airway obstruction in Robin sequence across different countries in Europe.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Sleep Studies for Clinical Indications during the First Year of Life: Infants Are Not Small Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesIdentifying optimal treatment for infants with Robin sequence (RS) is challenging due to substantial variability in the presentation of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in this population. Objective assessments of UAO and treatments are not standardized. A systematic review of objective measures of UAO was conducted as a step toward evidence-based clinical decision-making for RS.
methodsA literature search was performed in the PubMed and Embase databases (1990-2020) following PRISMA guidelines. Articles reporting on RS and UAO treatment were included if the following objective measures were studied: oximetry, polysomnography, and blood gas. Quality was appraised by the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (range: 0-24).
resultsA total of 91 articles met the inclusion criteria. The mean methodological index for nonrandomized studies score was 7.1 (range: 3-14). Polysomnography was most frequently used (76%) followed by oximetry (20%) and blood gas (11%). Sleep position of the infant was reported in 35% of studies, with supine position most frequently, and monitoring time in 42%, including overnight recordings, in more than half. Of 71 studies that evaluated UAO interventions, the majority used polysomnography (90%), of which 61% did not specify the polysomnography technique. Reported polysomnography metrics included oxygen saturation (61%), apnea-hypopnea index (52%), carbon dioxide levels (31%), obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (27%), and oxygen desaturation index (16%). Only 42 studies reported indications for UAO intervention, with oximetry and polysomnography thresholds used equally (both 40%). In total, 34 distinct indications for treatment were identified.
conclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates a lack of standardization, interpretation, and reporting of assessment and treatment indications for UAO in RS. An international, multidisciplinary consensus protocol is needed to guide clinicians on optimal UAO assessment in RS. CITATION: Logjes RJH, MacLean JE, de Cort NW, et al. Objective measurements for upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence: what are we measuring? A systematic review.
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Registered trials
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