Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33959712›Full record

ArticleBrain communications2021

Defining functional variants associated with Alzheimer's disease in the induced immune response.

Janet C Harwood, Ganna Leonenko, Rebecca Sims, Valentina Escott-Price, Julie Williams, Peter Holmans

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. A blood based mitochondrial functional index biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Janet C HarwoodDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3225-0069
Ganna LeonenkoUK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Rebecca SimsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Valentina Escott-PriceDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Julie WilliamsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Peter HolmansDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK.
Cardiff University · GBUK Dementia Research Institute · GB

Funding

National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD)U24AG021886 · NIA · INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS · PI TATIANA M. FOROUD · 2002 to 2026
$119.8M
NATIONAL ALZHEIMERS COORDINATING CENTER (NACC)U01AG016976 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KUKULL, WALTER ANTHONY · 1999 to 2020
$72.8M
Alzheimer's Disease Genetics ConsortiumU01AG032984 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SCHELLENBERG, GERARD DAVID · 2009 to 2024
$60.4M
CHARGE Consortium: Omics Discovery for CVD and Aging PhenotypesR01HL105756 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Bruce M Psaty, NICHOLAS L SMITH · 2011 to 2026
$9.5M
Collaborative GWAS of Dementia, AD and related MRI and Cognitive EndophenotypesR01AG033193 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI SESHADRI, SUDHA · 2009 to 2016
$4.4M
AGES STUDY-THE REYKJAVIK STUDY OF HEALTHY AGING FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM-26012100N01AG012100 · NIA · ICELANDIC HEART ASSOCIATION · 2002 to 2004
–
Medical Research Council G0300429Medical Research Council G0600237Medical Research Council G0801418Medical Research Council G0902227Medical Research Council MC_PC_17112Medical Research Council MR/K013041/1Medical Research Council MR/L010305/1Medical Research Council MR/L023784/2Medical Research Council MR/L501517/1Medical Research Council MR/M009076/1Medical Research Council MR/T04604X/1NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105756NIA NIH HHS N01 AG012100NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033193NIA NIH HHS U01 AG016976NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032984NIA NIH HHS U24 AG021886Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Defining the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease from genome-wide association studies alone is challenging since Alzheimer's disease is polygenic and most genetic variants are non-coding. Non-coding Alzheimer's disease risk variants can influence gene expression by affecting miRNA binding and those located within enhancers and within CTCF sites may influence gene expression through alterations in chromatin states. In addition, their function can be cell-type specific. They can function specifically in microglial enhancers thus affecting gene expression in the brain. Hence, transcriptome-wide association studies have been applied to test the genetic association between disease risk and cell-/tissue-specific gene expression. Many Alzheimer's disease-associated loci are involved in the pathways of the innate immune system. Both microglia, the primary immune cells of the brain, and monocytes which can infiltrate the brain and differentiate into activated macrophages, have roles in neuroinflammation and β-amyloid clearance through phagocytosis. In monocytes the function of regulatory variants can be context-specific after immune stimulation. To dissect the variants associated with Alzheimer's disease in the context of monocytes, we utilized data from naïve monocytes and following immune stimulation

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseaselipid metabolismmitochondriamonocytesTWAS

Identifiers

PMID33959712
PMCPMC8087896
OpenAlexW3155811208

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.