ArticleRoyal Society open science2021
A comparative test of the gamete dynamics theory for the evolution of anisogamy in Bryopsidales green algae.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- There Are Only Two Sexes and There Can Never Be More.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- An ulvophycean marine green alga produces large parthenogenetic isogametes as predicted by the gamete dynamics model for the evolution of anisogamy.Biology letters · 2024Article
- Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial uniparental inheritance achieved after fertilization challenges the nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict hypothesis for anisogamy evolution.Biology letters · 2023Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gamete dynamics theory proposes that anisogamy arises by disruptive selection for gamete numbers versus gamete size and predicts that female/male gamete size (anisogamy ratio) increases with adult size and complexity. Evidence has been that in volvocine green algae, the anisogamy ratio correlates positively with haploid colony size. However, green algae show notable exceptions. We focus on Bryopsidales green algae. While some taxa have a diplontic life cycle in which a diploid adult (=fully grown) stage arises directly from the zygote, many taxa have a haplodiplontic life cycle in which haploid adults develop indirectly: the zygote first develops into a diploid adult (sporophyte) which later undergoes meiosis and releases zoospores, each growing into a haploid adult gametophyte. Our comparative analyses suggest that, as theory predicts: (i) male gametes are minimized, (ii) female gamete sizes vary, probably optimized by number versus survival as zygotes, and (iii) the anisogamy ratio correlates positively with diploid (but not haploid) stage complexity. However, there was no correlation between the anisogamy ratio and diploid adult stage size. Increased environmental severity (water depth) appears to drive increased diploid adult stage complexity and anisogamy ratio: gamete dynamics theory correctly predicts that anisogamy evolves with the (diploid) stage directly provisioned by the zygote.
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