ArticleClinical kidney journal2021
Beta-2 microglobulin and all-cause mortality in the era of high-flux hemodialysis: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Comparison of uremic toxin removal between expanded hemodialysis and high volume online hemodiafiltrations in different modes.Acta biochimica Polonica · 2024Trial
- Adequacy of dialysis in children and adolescents: more than just Kt/V.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Observational
- An unusual presentation of dialysis-related amyloidosis: a large tumor extending from the gingiva to the palate.CEN case reports · 2026Article
- Cross-shaped nanoporous poly(methyl methacrylate) fibers for selective adsorption of βThe International journal of artificial organs · 2026Article
- Comparison of 2-hour versus 4-hour hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis (HAHD): an in vitro and prospective clinical evaluation.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Reused Medium Cut-Off Dialyzers on Uremic Toxin and Cytokine Clearance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intermittent Infusion Hemodiafiltration: A Narrative Review of an Emerging Dialysis Modality.Toxins · 2025Review
- High-Volume Hemodiafiltration Versus High-Flux Hemodialysis: A Narrative Review for the Clinician.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Efficacy of slow daily home hemodialysis with internal convection on removal of uremic toxins using the Physidia S3 monitor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Plausibility of super high-flux dialyzer reuse in maintenance hemodialysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Association of Beta-2 Microglobulin Concentrations with Frailty in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Treatment Challenges in the Management of Infective Spondylodiscitis Associated with Hemodialysis: A Comprehensive Review of Literature and Case Series Analysis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association between serum βBMC nephrology · 2023Article
- High volume online hemodiafiltration: a global perspective and the Brazilian experience.Jornal brasileiro de nefrologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBeta-2 microglobulin (β2M) accumulates in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but its consequences are controversial, particularly in the current era of high-flux dialyzers. High-flux HD treatment improves β2M removal, yet β2M and other middle molecules may still contribute to adverse events. We investigated patient factors associated with serum β2M, evaluated trends in β2M levels and in hospitalizations due to dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), and estimated the effect of β2M on mortality.
methodsWe studied European and Japanese participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Analysis of DRA-related hospitalizations spanned 1998-2018 (
resultsMedian β2M changed nonsignificantly from 2.71 to 2.65 mg/dL during 2011-18 (P = 0.87). Highest β2M tertile patients (>2.9 mg/dL) had longer dialysis vintage, higher C-reactive protein and lower urine volume than lowest tertile patients (≤2.3 mg/dL). DRA-related hospitalization rates [95% confidence interval (CI)] decreased from 1998 to 2018 from 3.10 (2.55-3.76) to 0.23 (0.13-0.42) per 100 patient-years. Compared with the lowest β2M tertile, adjusted mortality hazard ratios (95% CI) were 1.16 (0.94-1.43) and 1.38 (1.13-1.69) for the middle and highest tertiles. Mortality risk increased monotonically with β2M modeled continuously, with no indication of a threshold.
conclusionsDRA-related hospitalizations decreased over 10-fold from 1998 to 2018. Serum β2M remains positively associated with mortality, even in the current high-flux HD era.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.