Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33958879›Full record

ArticleInfection and drug resistance2021

In vitro Antimicrobial Synergy Testing of Extensively Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates at an Organ Transplant Center in Nepal.

Rashmi Karki, Samir Lamichhane, Buddha Bahadur Basnet, Anuja Dahal, Bal Krishna Awal, Shyam Kumar Mishra

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Exploring Nonantibiotic Adjuncts: Synergistic Effects of Esmolol and Carvedilol With Tigecycline.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026
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  7. Carbapenem-ResistantInfection and drug resistance · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Rashmi Karki *Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.ORCID 0000-0001-6904-6101
Samir Lamichhane *Department of Pharmacology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
Buddha Bahadur BasnetFaculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal.
Anuja DahalDepartment of Pharmacy, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
Bal Krishna AwalNational Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Shyam Kumar Mishra *School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3888-7319
Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital · NPNational Public Health Laboratory · NPNepal Academy of Science and Technology · NPTribhuvan University · NPUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeInappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Finding novel antimicrobial agents and strategies based on synergistic combinations are essential to combat MDR infections. This study was designed to determine in vitro synergy of different antimicrobials against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative clinical isolates.

methodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Human Organ Transplant Center, Nepal, for five months. Clinical isolates were checked for their drug-resistance properties including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and metallo-beta-lactamase- (MBL-) production. The XDR isolates were further tested for antimicrobial synergy, and the results were interpreted as synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic determining fractional inhibitory concentration of the antibiotics.

resultsOut of total 1155 clinical samples, 308 showed significant growth.

conclusionA significant proportion of isolates were MDR among which a large fraction was XDR. The combination of meropenem, amikacin and colistin with one another in pair showed beneficial activity in vitro. Such combinations can be utilized as effective therapy for XDR infections. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, and accordingly treatment protocols should be developed in the management of such infections.

Indexed as

antimicrobial synergyESBLMBLMDRXDR

Identifiers

PMID33958879
PMCPMC8096450
OpenAlexW3157285062

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.