ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2021
Paving the way towards an effective treatment for multiple sclerosis: advances in cell therapy.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking MS Therapeutics: From Disease Pathogenesis Mechanisms to AI-Driven Drug Discovery.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- The role of miRNAs in the development of Super-Tregs as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cell Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives from Clinical Studies-A Systematic Review.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Review
- 3-in-oneiScience · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Pidotimod alleviated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating the balance of splenic lymphocytes.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- SPI1 triggers the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in multiple sclerosis through CXCL4.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Current advancements in cellular immunotherapy for autoimmune disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- The frequency of psoriasis in Australian multiple sclerosis patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Organisational impact and patient management models for biomarker integration in multiple sclerosis care in Italy: the 0Tolerance project.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Review
- Mini-Review: Tregs as a Tool for Therapy-Obvious and Non-Obvious Challenges and Solutions.Cells · 2024Review
- Cyclodextrin-Containing Drug Delivery Systems and Their Applications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Autophagy in Multiple Sclerosis: Phagocytosis and Autophagy of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Current use of fluid biomarkers as outcome measures in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): a review of ongoing pharmacological clinical trials.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of chronic neurological disability in young to middle-aged adults, affecting ~2.5 million people worldwide. Currently, most therapeutics for MS are systemic immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs, but these drugs are unable to halt or reverse the disease and have the potential to cause serious adverse events. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of next-generation treatments that, alone or in combination, stop the undesired autoimmune response and contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. This review analyzes current MS treatments as well as different cell-based therapies that have been proposed to restore homeostasis in MS patients (tolerogenic dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and vaccination with T cells). Data collected from preclinical studies performed in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in animals, in vitro cultures of cells from MS patients and the initial results of phase I/II clinical trials are analyzed to better understand which parameters are relevant for obtaining an efficient cell-based therapy for MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.