SynthesisRMD open2021
Antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Synthesis in RMD open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibodies as potential prognostic factors for clinical outcomes related to COVID-19: a systematic review of inception prospective cohort studies with GRADE recommendations.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2025Pooled it
- Antiphospholipid antibody-related hepatic vasculitis in a juvenile after non-severe COVID-19: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of antiphospholipid antibodies in the severity and outcome of COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Antiphospholipid antibody production in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Production and Its Relationship with Autoantibody Formation.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- The New Occurrence of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Severe COVID-19 Cases with Pneumonia and Vascular Thrombosis Could Explain the Post-COVID Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Podoplanin and microthrombi in lung injury.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies directed against interferon alpha, nuclear antigens, cardiolipin, and beta 2 glycoprotein 1 are not induced by SARS-CoV-2 or associated with long COVID.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Antiphospholipid antibodies during acute COVID-19 are not associated with long COVID: findings from a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Assessing the Burden of Thromboembolic Complications in Outpatient COVID-19 Cases: A Focused Study on Patients Followed in Primary Care.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- Serum anti-lipid antibodies in patients affected by leprosy in a high-burden municipality in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- The well-defined antiphospholipid syndrome induced by COVID-19: a rare case report and review of the literature.Thrombosis journal · 2024Review
- Autoantibodies to protein S may explain rare cases of coagulopathy following COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A cluster of pediatric vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia-like cases with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following respiratory infections-case series.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2024Article
- IgA Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Antibodies as Markers of Thrombosis and Severity in COVID-19 Patients.Viruses · 2024Article
- Long COVID Definition, Symptoms, Risk Factors, Epidemiology and Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review.American journal of medicine open · 2024Article
- Antiphospholipid syndrome, thrombosis, and vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Prolongated Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) in Pediatric Patients before Surgery-Crying Wolf: Lupus (Anticoagulant) Does Not Always Threaten Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Role of the Kinin System and the Effect of Des-ArginineInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Observational
- Autoantibodies in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany studies reported high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients with COVID-19 raising questions about its true prevalence and its clinical impact on the disease course.
methodsWe conducted a meta-analysis and a systematic review to examine the prevalence of aPL and its clinical impact in patients with COVID-19.
results21 studies with a total of 1159 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Among patients hospitalised with COVID-19, the pooled prevalence rate of one or more aPL (IgM or IgG or IgA of anticardiolipin (aCL) or anti-ß2 glycoprotein (anti-ß2 GPI) or antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin, or lupus anticoagulant (LA)) was 46.8% (95% CI 36.1% to 57.8%). The most frequent type of aPL found was LA, with pooled prevalence rate of 50.7% (95% CI 34.8% to 66.5%). Critically ill patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher prevalence of aCL (IgM or IgG) (28.8% vs 7.10%, p<0.0001) and anti-ß2 GPI (IgM or IgG) (12.0% vs 5.8%, p<0.0001) as compared with non-critically ill patients. However, there was no association between aPL positivity and mean levels of C reactive protein (mean difference was 32 (95% CI -15 to 79), p=0.18), D-dimer (mean difference was 34 (95% CI -194 to 273), p=0.77), mortality (1.46 (95% CI 0.29 to 7.29), p=0.65), invasive ventilation (1.22 (95% CI 0.51 to 2.91), p=0.65) and venous thromboembolism (1.38 (95% CI 0.57 to 3.37), p=0.48).
conclusionsaPLs were detected in nearly half of patients with COVID-19, and higher prevalence of aPL was found in severe disease. However, there was no association between aPL positivity and disease outcomes including thrombosis, invasive ventilation and mortality. However, further studies are required to identify the clinical and pathological role of aPL in COVID-19.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.